The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Two levels of alliance formation among male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.).
Open accessAbstract
In Shark Bay, Western Australia, male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) cooperate in pairs and triplets to sequester and control the movements of females. We refer to this behavior as "herding" and to the male pairs and triplets as alliances. During a 25-month study (1987-1989) on the social relationships of males, we documented herding in 10 alliances. Males preferentially herded nonpregnant females likely to be in estrus. Alliance members associated with one another consistently when not herding females. Each alliance associated preferentially with one or two other alliances. Occasionally, two alliances combined and took females from another alliance or defended females against such efforts. This study documents multiple-level male alliances within a social group outside of humans.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Observational study of behavior: sampling methods
Altmann, J. (1974) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/156853974x00534 · Cited by 13,891
Cited by
Social Bonds Enhance Reproductive Success in Male Macaques
Schülke, O., Bhagavatula, J., Vigilant, L., & Ostner, J. (2010) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.10.058 · Cited by 555
FOOD AVAILABILITY AND TIGER SHARK PREDATION RISK INFLUENCE BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN HABITAT USE
Heithaus, M. R., & Dill, L. M. (2002) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[0480:faatsp]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 544
Convergence of Complex Cognitive Abilities in Cetaceans and Primates
Marino, L. (2002) · Brain, Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000063731 · Cited by 359
Fitness benefits of coalitionary aggression in male chimpanzees
Gilby, I. C., Brent, L. J. N., Wroblewski, E. E., Rudicell, R. S., Hahn, B. H., Goodall, J., & Pusey, A. E. (2013) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-012-1457-6 · Cited by 301
Connor, R. C. (2007) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1997 · Cited by 289
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Connor, R. C., Smolker, R. A., & Richards, A. F.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1992-02
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 987-990
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2069209734
- Cited by
- 474
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 7.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Two levels of alliance formation among male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.). https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.89.3.987
- The paper
- Connor, R. C., Smolker, R. A., & Richards, A. F. (1992). Two levels of alliance formation among male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.3.987
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
