CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 854HIV Research and TreatmentHIV/AIDS drug development and treatmentT-cell and Retrovirus Studies

The Vpr protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 influences nuclear localization of viral nucleic acids in nondividing host cells.

Open access
Heinzinger, N K, Bukinsky, M I, Haggerty, S A, Ragland, A M, Kewalramani, V, Lee, M A, Gendelman, H E, Ratner, L +2 more·1994·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DOI 10.1073/pnas.91.15.7311PMC PMC44389
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in nondividing host cells such as those of macrophage lineage is an important feature of AIDS pathogenesis. The pattern of HIV-1 replication is dictated, in part, by the nucleophilic property of the viral gag matrix (MA) protein, a component of the viral preintegration complex that facilitates nuclear localization of viral nucleic acids in the absence of mitosis. We now identify the accessory viral protein Vpr, as a second nucleophilic component that influences nuclear localization of viral nucleic acids in nondividing cells. Reverse transcription and nuclear localization of viral nucleic acids following infection of cells by viruses lacking Vpr or viruses containing mutations in a gag MA nuclear localization sequence were indistinguishable from the pattern observed in cells infected by wild-type HIV-1. These viruses retained the ability to replicate in both dividing and nondividing host cells including monocyte-derived macrophages. In contrast, introduction of both gag MA and Vpr mutations in HIV-1 attenuated nuclear localization of viral nucleic acids in nondividing cells and virus replication in monocyte-derived macrophages. These studies demonstrate redundant nucleophilic determinants of HIV-1 that independently permit nuclear localization of viral nucleic acids and virus replication in nondividing cells such as monocyte-derived macrophages. In addition, these studies provide a defined function for an accessory gene product of HIV-1.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.91.15.7311

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The reverse transcription complex is actively transported to the chromosomal DNA, where integration may occur.

    “This RTC is actively transported to the chromosomal DNA, where integration may occur [6–9].”

    From Clinical use of lentiviral vectors (2018) · cites this paper as [8]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Heinzinger, N. K., Bukinsky, M. I., Haggerty, S. A., Ragland, A. M., Kewalramani, V, Lee, M. A., Gendelman, H. E., Ratner, L., Stevenson, M., & Emerman, M.
Affiliations
  • University of Nebraska Medical Center (US)
  • École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
ORCID
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Published
1994-07-19
Volume
91
Issue
15
Pages
7311-7315
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
DOI
10.1073/pnas.91.15.7311
PMC
PMC44389
OpenAlex
W2001243226
Cited by
854
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 25
FWCI
17.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
Keywords
HIV-1 Vpr protein, monocyte-derived macrophages, preintegration complex, HIV-1 replication, reverse transcription
MeSH terms
Base Sequence, Cell Division, Cell Line, Cell Nucleus, Cloning, Molecular, DNA, Viral, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, HIV-1, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Gene Products, vpr, vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review