HIV-1 Gag proteins: diverse functions in the virus life cycle

Freed, Eric O.

doi:10.1006/viro.1998.9398

Cited by 717HIV Research and TreatmentT-cell and Retrovirus StudiesHIV/AIDS drug development and treatment

HIV-1 Gag proteins: diverse functions in the virus life cycle

Open access

Freed, Eric O.·1998·Virology

DOI 10.1006/viro.1998.9398

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

The Gag proteins of HIV-1, like those of other retroviruses, are necessary and sufficient for the assembly of virus-like particles. The roles played by HIV-1 Gag proteins during the life cycle are numerous and complex, involving not only assembly but also virion maturation after particle release and early postentry steps in virus replication. As the individual Gag domains carry out their diverse functions, they must engage in interactions with themselves, other Gag proteins, other viral proteins, lipid, nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), and host cell proteins. This review briefly summarizes our current understanding of how HIV-1 Gag proteins function in the virus life cycle.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1006/viro.1998.9398

Cites

163 of 163 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The MA domain remains associated with the inner face of the viral membrane and plays a crucial role in directing Gag or the viral core to the plasma membrane and incorporating the envelope during virus assembly.
“The MA domain remains associated with the inner face of the viral membrane and plays a crucial role in directing Gag or the viral core to the plasma membrane and incorporating the envelope during virus assembly”
From Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication (2026) · cites this paper as Freed 1998
The “Membrane binding and Gag targeting” section says MA directs Gag binding and assembly at the plasma membrane, and the “Env glycoprotein incorporation” section reports that MA mutations can block Env incorporation (page numbers unavailable). The copy does not say MA directs the viral core to the plasma membrane. It also qualifies the claim that MA remains membrane-associated: a subset may dissociate from the lipid bilayer and associate with the core. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Gag is indispensable for packaging of gRNA into the forming virus particle.
“The role of Gag is indispensable for the packaging of gRNA into the forming virus particle (Freed 1998, Bell and Lever 2013).”
From Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication (2026) · cites this paper as Freed 1998

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The Galvanization of Biology: A Growing Appreciation for the Roles of Zinc
Berg, J. M., & Shi, Y. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5252.1081 · Cited by 1,930 · see citing works
The Role of Mononuclear Phagocytes in HTLV-III/LAV Infection
Gartner, S., Markovits, P., Markovitz, D. M., Kaplan, M. H., Gallo, R. C., & Popovič, M. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3014648 · Cited by 1,808 · see citing works
Detection of AIDS Virus in Macrophages in Brain Tissue from AIDS Patients with Encephalopathy
Koenig, S., Gendelman, H. E., Orenstein, J. M., et al. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3016903 · Cited by 1,704 · see citing works
The Vpr protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 influences nuclear localization of viral nucleic acids in nondividing host cells.
Heinzinger, N. K., Bukinsky, M. I., Haggerty, S. A., Ragland, A. M., Kewalramani, V, Lee, M. A., Gendelman, H. E., Ratner, L., Stevenson, M., & Emerman, M. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.15.7311 · Cited by 854 · see citing works
Role of capsid precursor processing and myristoylation in morphogenesis and infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
Göttlinger, H. G., Sodroski, J. G., & Haseltine, W. A. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.15.5781 · Cited by 841 · see citing works
A nuclear localization signal within HIV-1 matrix protein that governs infection of non-dividing cells
Bukrinsky, M., Haggerty, S., Dempsey, M. P., Sharova, N., Adzhubei, A. A., Spitz, L., Lewis, P. F., Goldfarb, D. S., Emerman, M., & Stevenson, M. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/365666a0 · Cited by 801 · see citing works
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag protein binds to cyclophilins A and B
Luban, J., Bossolt, K. L., Franke, E. K., Kalpana, G. V., & Goff, S. P. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90637-6 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
Specific incorporation of cyclophilin A into HIV-1 virions
Franke, E. K., Yuan, H. E. H., & Luban, J. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372359a0 · Cited by 745 · see citing works
Assembly and release of HIV-1 precursor Pr55gag virus-like particles from recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells
Gheysen, D., Jacobs, E. J., de Foresta, F., Thiriart, C., Francotte, M., Thines, D., & Wilde, M. D. (1989) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90873-8 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
RNA Chaperones and the RNA Folding Problem
Herschlag, D. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.36.20871 · Cited by 713 · see citing works
Crystal Structure of Human Cyclophilin A Bound to the Amino-Terminal Domain of HIV-1 Capsid
Gamble, T. R., Vajdos, F. F., Yoo, S., Worthylake, D. K., Houseweart, M., Sundquist, W. I., & Hill, C. P. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81823-1 · Cited by 706 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Mutational analysis indicated that the domain responsible for CypA incorporation resided in the vicinity of Pro 90 (Franke et al., 1994b); this conclusion was confirmed by the cocrystallization of CA with CypA (Gamble et al., 1996).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The myristoyl-electrostatic switch: a modulator of reversible protein-membrane interactions
McLaughlin, S., & Aderem, A. A. (1995) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(00)89042-8 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Structure of the HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Protein Bound to the SL3 Ψ-RNA Recognition Element
De Guzman, R. N., Wu, Z. R., Stalling, C. C., Pappalardo, L., Borer, P. N., & Summers, M. F. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5349.384 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
Effect of mutations affecting the p6 gag protein on human immunodeficiency virus particle release
Göttlinger, H. G., Dorfman, T., Sodroski, J. G., & Haseltine, W. A. (1991) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.88.8.3195 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Functional association of cyclophilin A with HIV-1 virions
Thali, M., Bukovsky, A., Kondo, E., Rosenwlrth, B., Walsh, C. T., Sodroski, J., & Göttlinger, H. G. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372363a0 · Cited by 629 · see citing works
Myristoylation-dependent replication and assembly of human immunodeficiency virus 1.
Bryant, M. L., & Ratner, L. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.2.523 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 preintegration complexes: studies of organization and composition
Miller, M. D., Farnet, C. M., & Bushman, F. D. (1997) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.71.7.5382-5390.1997 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
Structure of the carboxyl-terminal dimerization domain of the HIV-1 capsid protein
Gamble, T. R., Yoo, S., Vajdos, F. F., von Schwedler, U. K., Worthylake, D. K., Wang, H., McCutcheon, J. P., Sundquist, W. I., & Hill, C. P. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5339.849 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Mutations of RNA and protein sequences involved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 packaging result in production of noninfectious virus
Aldovini, A., & Young, R. A. (1990) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.64.5.1920-1926.1990 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Identification of a membrane-binding domain within the amino-terminal region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag protein which interacts with acidic phospholipids
Zhou, W., Parent, L. J., Wills, J. W., & Resh, M. D. (1994) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.68.4.2556-2569.1994 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Form, function, and use of retroviral Gag proteins
Wills, J. W., & Craven, R. C. (1991) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/00002030-199106000-00002 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Synthesis, Assembly, and Processing of Viral Proteins
Swanstrom, R. I., & Wills, J. (1997) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 513 · see citing works
p6Gag is required for particle production from full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 molecular clones expressing protease
Huang, M., Orenstein, J. M., Martin, M. A., & Freed, E. O. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.11.6810-6818.1995 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Self-citation
HIV-1 infection of nondividing cells through the recognition of integrase by the importin/karyopherin pathway
Gallay, P. A., Hope, T. J., Chin, D. J., & Trono, D. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.18.9825 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Crystal structures of the trimeric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix protein: implications for membrane association and assembly
Hill, C. P., Worthylake, D., Bancroft, D. P., Christensen, A. M., & Sundquist, W. I. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.7.3099 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Structure of the Amino-Terminal Core Domain of the HIV-1 Capsid Protein
Gitti, R. K., Lee, B. M., Walker, J., Summers, M. F., Yoo, S., & Sundquist, W. I. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.273.5272.231 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Association of integrase, matrix, and reverse transcriptase antigens of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with viral nucleic acids following acute infection.
Bukrinsky, M. I., Sharova, N., McDonald, T. L., Pushkarskaya, T., Tarpley, W. G., & Stevenson, M. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.13.6125 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
First Glimpses at Structure-function Relationships of the Nucleocapsid Protein of Retroviruses
Darlix, J., Lapadat-Tapolsky, M., de ROCQUIGNY, H., & Roques, B. P. (1995) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1995.0635 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Noninfectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants deficient in genomic RNA
Gorelick, R. J., Nigida, S. M., Bess, J. W., Arthur, L. O., Henderson, L. E., & Rein, A. R. (1990) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.64.7.3207-3211.1990 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Domains of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix and gp41 cytoplasmic tail required for envelope incorporation into virions
Freed, E., & Martin, M. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.1.341-351.1996 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Self-citation
Incorporation of Vpr into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions: requirement for the p6 region of gag and mutational analysis
Paxton, W. A., Connor, R. I., & Landau, N. R. (1993) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.67.12.7229-7237.1993 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
HIV nuclear import is governed by the phosphotyrosine-mediated binding of matrix to the core domain of integrase
Gallay, P. A., Swingler, S., Song, J., Bushman, F. D., & Trono, D. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90097-7 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
The p2 domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag regulates sequential proteolytic processing and is required to produce fully infectious virions
Pettit, S. C., Moody, M. D., Wehbie, R. S., Kaplan, A. H., Nantermet, P. V., Klein, C. A., & Swanstrom, R. (1994) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.68.12.8017-8027.1994 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Self-assembly in vitro of purified CA-NC proteins from Rous sarcoma virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1
Campbell, S., & Vogt, V. M. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.10.6487-6497.1995 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Virion incorporation of envelope glycoproteins with long but not short cytoplasmic tails is blocked by specific, single amino acid substitutions in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix
Freed, E., & Martin, M. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.3.1984-1989.1995 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Self-citation
Proteolytic refolding of the HIV‐1 capsid protein amino‐terminus facilitates viral core assembly
von Schwedler, U. K., Stemmler, T. L., Klishko, V. Y., Li, S., Albertine, K. H., Davis, D. R., & Sundquist, W. I. (1998) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/17.6.1555 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
HIV‐1 infection of non‐dividing cells: evidence that the amino‐terminal basic region of the viral matrix protein is important for Gag processing but not for post‐entry nuclear import
Fouchier, R. A. M., Meyer, B. E., Simon, J. H., Fischer, U., & Malim, M. H. (1997) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/16.15.4531 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Sequential Steps in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Particle Maturation Revealed by Alterations of Individual Gag Polyprotein Cleavage Sites
Wiegers, K., Rutter, G., Kottler, H., Tessmer, U., Hohenberg, H., & Kräusslich, H.-G. (1998) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.72.4.2846-2854.1998 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Cis elements and Trans-acting factors involved in the RNA dimerization of the human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1
Darlix, J., Gabus, C., Nugeyre, M.-T., Clavel, F., & Barré‐Sinoussi, F. (1990) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-2836(90)90392-y · Cited by 333 · see citing works
HIV-1 infection of nondividing cells: C-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation of the viral matrix protein is a key regulator.
Gallay, P., Swingler, S., Aiken, C., & Trono, D. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90488-3 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Cyclophilin A is required for an early step in the life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 before the initiation of reverse transcription
Braaten, D. C., Franke, E. K., & Luban, J. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.6.3551-3560.1996 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
The matrix protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is required for incorporation of viral envelope protein into mature virions
Yu, X., Yuan, X., Matsuda, Z., Lee, T. H., & Essex, M. (1992) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.66.8.4966-4971.1992 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Crystal structure of dimeric HIV-1 capsid protein
Momany, C., Kovari, L. C., Prongay, A., Keller, W., Gitti, R. K., Lee, B. M., Gorbalenya, A. E., Tong, L., McClure, J., Ehrlich, L. S., et al. (1996) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsb0996-763 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
RNA secondary structure and binding sites for gag gene products in the 5’ packaging signal of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
Clever, J., Sassetti, C., & Parslow, T. G. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.4.2101-2109.1995 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Nucleocapsid zinc fingers detected in retroviruses: EXAFS studies of intact viruses and the solution‐state structure of the nucleocapsid protein from HIV‐1
Summers, M. F., Henderson, L. E., Chance, M. R., South, T. L., Blake, P. R., Pérez-Alvarado, G. C., Bess, J. W., Sowder, R. C., Arthur, L. O., Sagi, I., et al. (1992) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.5560010502 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Role of the basic domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix in macrophage infection
Freed, E. O., Englund, G., & Martin, M. A. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.6.3949-3954.1995 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Self-citation
Single amino acid changes in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix protein block virus particle production
Freed, E. O., Orenstein, J. M., Buckler-White, A. J., & Martin, M. A. (1994) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.68.8.5311-5320.1994 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Self-citation
Viral RNA annealing activities of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein require only peptide domains outside the zinc fingers.
de ROCQUIGNY, H., Gabus, C., Vincent, A., Fournié‐Zaluski, M., Roques, B. P., & Darlix, J. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.14.6472 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Role of the matrix protein in the virion association of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein
Dorfman, T., Mammano, F., Haseltine, W. A., & Göttlinger, H. G. (1994) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.68.3.1689-1696.1994 · Cited by 288 · cited 7× · see citing works
“However, virions with N-terminal CA mutations often display marked infectivity defects and aberrant core morphology by EM (Jowett et al., 1992; von Poblotzki et al., 1993; Wang and Barklis, 1993; Dorfman et al., 1994a; Reicin et al., 1995, 1996).”
BackgroundInfluential
The nuclear localization signal of the matrix protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 allows the establishment of infection in macrophages and quiescent T lymphocytes.
von Schwedler, U. K., Kornbluth, R. S., & Trono, D. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.15.6992 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Mapping of functionally important residues of a cysteine-histidine box in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein
Dorfman, T., Luban, J., Goff, S. P., Haseltine, W. A., & Göttlinger, H. G. (1993) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.67.10.6159-6169.1993 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 encapsidation site is a multipartite RNA element composed of functional hairpin structures
McBride, M., & Panganiban, A. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.5.2963-2973.1996 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
The Role of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoproteins in Virus Infection
Freed, E. O., & Martin, M. A. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.41.23883 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Self-citation
Three-dimensional structure of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix protein
Massiah, M. A., Starich, M. R., Paschall, C., Summers, M. F., Christensen, A. M., & Sundquist, W. I. (1994) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1994.1719 · Cited by 271 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…domain, in conjunction with other basic residues throughout the protein, forms a positively charged patch which promotes membrane binding by interacting with acidic phospholipids on the inner face of the lipid bilayer (Yuan et al., 1993; Massiah et al., 1994; Zhou et al., 1994; Hill et al., 1996).”
BackgroundMethod
High-resolution structure of an HIV zinc fingerlike domain via a new NMR-based distance geometry approach
Summers, M. F., South, T. L., Kim, B., & Hare, D. R. (1990) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00454a005 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Positionally independent and exchangeable late budding functions of the Rous sarcoma virus and human immunodeficiency virus Gag proteins
Parent, L. J., Bennett, R. P., Craven, R. C., Nelle, T. D., Krishna, N. K., Bowzard, J. B., Wilson, C. B., Puffer, B. A., Montelaro, R. C., & Wills, J. W. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.9.5455-5460.1995 · Cited by 258 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Intriguingly, HIV-1 p6 and EIAV p9 can replace the p2b function in RSV, in a manner independent of the location of the late domain in the Gag precursor (Parent et al., 1995).”
BackgroundInfluential
Determination of the structure of the nucleocapsid protein NCp7 from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by 1H NMR.
Morellet, N., Jullian, N., de ROCQUIGNY, H., Maigret, B., Darlix, J., & Roques, B. P. (1992) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05377.x · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Role of the major homology region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in virion morphogenesis
Mammano, F., Ohagen, A., Höglund, S., & Göttlinger, H. G. (1994) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.68.8.4927-4936.1994 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
An assembly domain of the Rous sarcoma virus Gag protein required late in budding
Wills, J. W., Cameron, C. E., Wilson, C. B., Xiang, Y., Bennett, R. P., & Leis, J. (1994) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.68.10.6605-6618.1994 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Efficient HIV‐1 replication can occur in the absence of the viral matrix protein
Reil, H., Bukovsky, A. A., Gelderblom, H. R., & Göttlinger, H. G. (1998) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/17.9.2699 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Mutations in the N-terminal region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix protein block intracellular transport of the Gag precursor
Yuan, X., Yu, X., Lee, T. H., & Essex, M. (1993) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.67.11.6387-6394.1993 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
DNA strand exchange and selective DNA annealing promoted by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein
Tsuchihashi, Z., & Brown, P. O. (1994) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.68.9.5863-5870.1994 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Inhibitors of HIV Nucleocapsid Protein Zinc Fingers as Candidates for the Treatment of AIDS
Rice, W. G., Supko, J. G., Malspeis, L., et al. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.270.5239.1194 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 dimeric RNA from wild-type and protease-defective virions
Fu, W., Gorelick, R. J., & Rein, A. (1994) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.68.8.5013-5018.1994 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Differential membrane binding of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix protein
Zhou, W., & Resh, M. D. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.12.8540-8548.1996 · Cited by 226 · cited 4× · see citing works
“, 1997), together with the finding that deletions in the C terminus of MA (Zhou and Resh, 1996) or throughout the protein (Spearman et al.”
BackgroundInfluential
Analysis of the Assembly Function of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Protein Nucleocapsid Domain
Zhang, Y., Qian, H., Love, Z., & Barklis, E. (1998) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.72.3.1782-1789.1998 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Retroviral Virions and Genomes
Vogt, V. (1997) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Functional domains of the capsid protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
Dorfman, T., Bukovský, A., Öhagen, Å., Höglund, S., & Göttlinger, H. G. (1994) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.68.12.8180-8187.1994 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Assembly of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid protein in vitro
Ehrlich, L. S., Agresta, B. E., & Carter, C. A. (1992) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.66.8.4874-4883.1992 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Equine infectious anemia virus utilizes a YXXL motif within the late assembly domain of the Gag p9 protein
Puffer, B. A., Parent, L. J., Wills, J. W., & Montelaro, R. C. (1997) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.71.9.6541-6546.1997 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
The spacer peptide between human immunodeficiency virus capsid and nucleocapsid proteins is essential for ordered assembly and viral infectivity
Kräusslich, H., Fäcke, M., Heuser, A. M., Konvalinka, J., & Zentgraf, H. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.6.3407-3419.1995 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Retroviral nucleocapsid domains mediate the specific recognition of genomic viral RNAs by chimeric Gag polyproteins during RNA packaging in vivo
Berkowitz, R., Ohagen, A., Höglund, S., & Goff, S. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.10.6445-6456.1995 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Direct interaction between the envelope and matrix proteins of HIV-1
Cosson, P. (1996) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00964.x · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Specific binding of HIV‐1 nucleocapsid protein to PSI RNA in vitro requires N‐terminal zinc finger and flanking basic amino acid residues.
Dannull, J., Surovoy, A., Jung, G., & Moelling, K. (1994) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06414.x · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Cytosolic Gag p24 as an Index of Productive Entry of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Maréchal, V., Clavel, F., Heard, J. M., & Schwartz, O. (1998) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.72.3.2208-2212.1998 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Membrane binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix protein in vivo supports a conformational myristyl switch mechanism
Spearman, P. W., Horton, R., Ratner, L., & Kuli-zade, I. (1997) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.71.9.6582-6592.1997 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Identification of tRNAs incorporated into wild-type and mutant human immunodeficiency virus type 1
Jiang, M., Mak, J., Ladha, A., Cohen, É. A., Klein, M., Rovinski, B., & Kleiman, L. (1993) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.67.6.3246-3253.1993 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Inhibition of HIV-1 infectivity by zinc-ejecting aromatic C-nitroso compounds
Rice, W. G., Schaeffer, C. A., Harten, B., Villinger, F. J., South, T. L., Summers, M. F., Henderson, L. E., Bess, J. W., Arthur, L. O., McDougal, J. S., et al. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/361473a0 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Human immunodeficiency virus nucleocapsid protein accelerates strand transfer of the terminally redundant sequences involved in reverse transcription.
You, J. C., & McHenry, C. S. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)31721-6 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
A large deletion in the matrix domain of the human immunodeficiency virus gag gene redirects virus particle assembly from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum
Fäcke, M., Janetzko, A., Shoeman, R. L., & Kräusslich, H. G. (1993) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.67.8.4972-4980.1993 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein promotes efficient strand transfer and specific viral DNA synthesis by inhibiting TAR-dependent self-priming from minus-strand strong-stop DNA
Guo, J., Henderson, L. E., Bess, J. W., Kane, B., & Levin, J. G. (1997) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.71.7.5178-5188.1997 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Role of Pr160gag-pol in mediating the selective incorporation of tRNA(Lys) into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particles
Mak, J., Jiang, M., Wainberg, M. A., Hammarskjöld, M. L., Rekosh, D., & Kleiman, L. (1994) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.68.4.2065-2072.1994 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Specific binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag polyprotein and nucleocapsid protein to viral RNAs detected by RNA mobility shift assays
Berkowitz, R. D., Luban, J., & Goff, S. P. (1993) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.67.12.7190-7200.1993 · Cited by 193 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…the c site; biochemical analyses using Gag proteins expressed in vitro confirmed the importance and specificity of HIV-1 NC in Gag–RNA interactions (Luban and Goff, 1991; Berkowitz et al., 1993; Berkowitz and Goff, 1994; Dannull et al., 1994; Clever et al., 1995; Geigenmuller and Linial, 1996).”
Background
Interactions between HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein and viral DNA may have important functions in the viral life cycle
Lapadat-Tapolsky, M., de ROCQUIGNY, H., van Gent, D. C., et al. (1993) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/21.4.831 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Analysis of the primary structure of the long terminal repeat and the gag and pol genes of the human spumaretrovirus
Maurer, B., Bannert, H., Darai, G., & Flügel, R. M. (1988) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.62.5.1590-1597.1988 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Assembly, processing, and infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag mutants
Wang, C. T., & Barklis, E. (1993) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.67.7.4264-4273.1993 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Crystal structure of SIV matrix antigen and implications for virus assembly
Rao, Z., Belyaev, A. S., Fry, E., Roy, P., Jones, I. M., & Stuart, D. I. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/378743a0 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein induces "maturation" of dimeric retroviral RNA in vitro.
Feng, Y., Copeland, T. D., Henderson, L. E., Gorelick, R. J., Bosche, W. J., Levin, J. G., & Rein, A. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.15.7577 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
N-Terminal Extension of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Capsid Protein Converts the In Vitro Assembly Phenotype from Tubular to Spherical Particles
Gross, I., Hohenberg, H., Huckhagel, C., & Kräusslich, H. (1998) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.72.6.4798-4810.1998 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
The intracytoplasmic domain of gp41 mediates polarized budding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in MDCK cells
Lodge, R., Göttlinger, H., Gabuzda, D., Cohen, É., & Lemay, G. (1994) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.68.8.4857-4861.1994 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Macromolecular interactions in the assembly of HIV and other retroviruses
Hunter, E. (1994) · Seminars in Virology · doi:10.1006/smvy.1994.1008 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Recombinant HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Protein Accelerates HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Catalyzed DNA Strand Transfer Reactions and Modulates RNase H Activity
Peliska, J. A., Balasubramanian, S., Giedroc, D. P., & Benkovic, S. J. (1994) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00250a036 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Charged amino acid residues of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid p7 protein involved in RNA packaging and infectivity
Poon, D. T. K., Wu, J. S., & Aldovini, A. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.10.6607-6616.1996 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Requirements for incorporation of Pr160gag-pol from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 into virus-like particles
Smith, A. J., Srinivasakumar, N., Hammarskjöld, M., & Rekosh, D. M. (1993) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.67.4.2266-2275.1993 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Fine mapping and characterization of the Rous sarcoma virus Pr76gag late assembly domain
Xiang, Y., Cameron, C. E., Wills, J. W., & Leis, J. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.8.5695-5700.1996 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Cyclosporine A-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants demonstrate that Gag encodes the functional target of cyclophilin A
Braaten, D., Aberham, C., Franke, E., Yin, L., Phares, W., & Luban, J. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.8.5170-5176.1996 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
A single amino acid substitution within the matrix protein of a type D retrovirus converts its morphogenesis to that of a type C retrovirus
Rhee, S. S., & Hunter, E. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90289-q · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Rescue of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix protein mutants by envelope glycoproteins with short cytoplasmic domains
Mammano, F., Kondo, E., Sodroski, J., Bukovský, A., & Göttlinger, H. G. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.6.3824-3830.1995 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Linker insertion mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag gene: effects on virion particle assembly, release, and infectivity
Reicin, A., Paik, S., Berkowitz, R., Luban, J., Lowy, I., & Goff, S. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.2.642-650.1995 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Phosphorylation-dependent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and nuclear targeting of viral DNA.
Bukrinskaya, A. G., Ghorpade, A., Heinzinger, N. K., Smithgall, T. E., Lewis, R. E., & Stevenson, M. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.1.367 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
The I Domain Is Required for Efficient Plasma Membrane Binding of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Pr55Gag
Sandefur, S., Varthakavi, V., & Spearman, P. (1998) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.72.4.2723-2732.1998 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Nucleocapsid protein effects on the specificity of retrovirus RNA encapsidation
Zhang, Y., & Barklis, E. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.9.5716-5722.1995 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
A leucine triplet repeat sequence (LXX)4 in p6gag is important for Vpr incorporation into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particles
Lu, Y.-H., Bennett, R. P., Wills, J. W., Gorelick, R., & Ratner, L. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.11.6873-6879.1995 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Tightly bound zinc in human immunodeficiency virus type 1, human T-cell leukemia virus type I, and other retroviruses
Bess, J. W., Powell, P. J., Issaq, H. J., Schumack, L. J., Grimes, M. K., Henderson, L. E., & Arthur, L. O. (1992) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.66.2.840-847.1992 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Influence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Nucleocapsid Protein on Synthesis and Strand Transfer by the Reverse Transcriptase in Vitro
Rodrguez-Rodrguez, L., Tsuchihashi, Z., Fuentes, G. M., Bambara, R. A., & Fay, P. J. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.25.15005 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Identification of a binding site for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein.
Sakaguchi, K., Zambrano, N., Baldwin, E. T., Shapiro, B. A., Erickson, J. W., Omichinski, J. G., Clore, G. M., Gronenborn, A. M., & Appella, E. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.11.5219 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
WW domains and retrovirus budding
Gamier, L., Wills, J., Verderame, M., & Sudol, M. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/381744a0 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 nucleocapsid protein (NCp7) directs specific initiation of minus-strand DNA synthesis primed by human tRNA(Lys3) in vitro: studies of viral RNA molecules mutated in regions that flank the primer binding site
Li, X., Quan, Y., Arts, E. J., Li, Z., Preston, B. D., de ROCQUIGNY, H., Roques, B. P., Darlix, J., Kleiman, L., Parniak, M. A., et al. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.8.4996-5004.1996 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Role of Matrix in an Early Postentry Step in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Life Cycle
Kiernan, R. E., Ono, A., Englund, G., & Freed, E. O. (1998) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.72.5.4116-4126.1998 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citation
Functional chimeras of the Rous sarcoma virus and human immunodeficiency virus gag proteins
Bennett, R. P., Nelle, T. D., & Wills, J. W. (1993) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.67.11.6487-6498.1993 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
A conserved LXXLF sequence is the major determinant in p6gag required for the incorporation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr
Kondo, E., & Göttlinger, H. G. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.1.159-164.1996 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
The role of Gag in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virion morphogenesis and early steps of the viral life cycle
Reicin, A. S., Öhagen, Å., Yin, L., Höglund, S., & Goff, S. P. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.12.8645-8652.1996 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
The nucleocapsid protein isolated from HIV-1 particles binds zinc and forms retroviral-type zinc fingers
South, T. L., Blake, P. R., Sowder, R. C., et al. (1990) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00486a002 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Characterization of deletion mutations in the capsid region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 that affect particle formation and Gag-Pol precursor incorporation
Srinivasakumar, N., Hammarskjöld, M. L., & Rekosh, D. M. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.10.6106-6114.1995 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Distinct signals in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Pr55 necessary for RNA binding and particle formation
Jowett, J. B. M., HOCKLEY, D. J., Nermut, M. V., & Jones, I. M. (1992) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/0022-1317-73-12-3079 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Specificity and sequence requirements for interactions between various retroviral Gag proteins
Franke, E. K., Yuan, H. E., Bossolt, K. L., Goff, S. P., & Luban, J. (1994) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.68.8.5300-5305.1994 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA to recombinant HIV-1 gag polyprotein
Luban, J., & Goff, S. P. (1991) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.65.6.3203-3212.1991 · Cited by 108 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…the c site; biochemical analyses using Gag proteins expressed in vitro confirmed the importance and specificity of HIV-1 NC in Gag–RNA interactions (Luban and Goff, 1991; Berkowitz et al., 1993; Berkowitz and Goff, 1994; Dannull et al., 1994; Clever et al., 1995; Geigenmuller and Linial, 1996).”
Background
Zinc‐ and sequence‐dependent binding to nucleic acids by the N‐terminal zinc finger of the HIV‐1 nucleocapsid protein: NMR structure of the complex with the Psi‐site analog, dACGCC
South, T., & Summers, M. F. (1993) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.5560020102 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Spontaneous mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag gene that affect viral replication in the presence of cyclosporins
Aberham, C., Weber, S., & Phares, W. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.6.3536-3544.1996 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Conditional infectivity of a human immunodeficiency virus matrix domain deletion mutant
Wang, C. T., Zhang, Y., McDermott, J., & Barklis, E. (1993) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.67.12.7067-7076.1993 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Mode of action of SDZ NIM 811, a nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin A analog with activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1): interference with early and late events in HIV-1 replication
Steinkasserer, A., Harrison, R., Billich, A., Hammerschmid, F., Werner, G., Wolff, B. H., Peichl, P., Palfi, G. E., Schnitzel, W., & Mlynar, E. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.2.814-824.1995 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Myristoylation of gag Proteins of HIV-1 Plays an Important Role in Virus Assembly
Pal, R., Reitz, M. S., Tschachler, E., et al. (1990) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/aid.1990.6.721 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
The central globular domain of the nucleocapsid protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is critical for virion structure and infectivity
Ottmann, M., Gabus, C., & Darlix, J. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.3.1778-1784.1995 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Mutations of basic amino acids of NCp7 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 affect RNA binding in vitro
Schmalzbauer, E., Strack, B., Dannull, J., Guehmann, S., & Moelling, K. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.2.771-777.1996 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Analysis of Binding Elements in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genomic RNA and Nucleocapsid Protein
Berkowitz, R. D., & Goff, S. P. (1994) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1994.1339 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Functional domains of HIV-1gag-polyprotein expressed in baculovirus-infected cells
Royer, M., Cérutti, M., Gay, B., Hong, S. S., Devauchelle, G., & Boulanger, P. A. (1991) · Virology · doi:10.1016/0042-6822(91)90861-5 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Assembly of gag-beta-galactosidase proteins into retrovirus particles
Jones, T., Blaug, G., Hansen, M., & Barklis, E. (1990) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.64.5.2265-2279.1990 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Effects of nucleocapsid mutations on human immunodeficiency virus assembly and RNA encapsidation
Zhang, Y., & Barklis, E. (1997) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.71.9.6765-6776.1997 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Genetic analysis of the zinc finger in the Moloney murine leukemia virus nucleocapsid domain: replacement of zinc-coordinating residues with other zinc-coordinating residues yields noninfectious particles containing genomic RNA
Gorelick, R. J., Chabot, D. J., Ott, D. E., et al. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.4.2593-2597.1996 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix revertants: effects on virus assembly, Gag processing, and Env incorporation into virions
Ono, A., Huang, M. ‐., & Freed, E. O. (1997) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.71.6.4409-4418.1997 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citation
The C terminus of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix protein is involved in early steps of the virus life cycle
Yu, X., Yu, Q., Lee, T. H., & Essex, M. (1992) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.66.9.5667-5670.1992 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
HIV-1 infection of non-dividing cells
Freed, E. O., & Martin, M. A. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/369107b0 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citation
Identification of a Region in the Pr55gag-Polyprotein Essential for HIV-1 Particle Formation
von Poblotzki, A., Wagner, R., Niedrig, M., Wanner, G., Wolf, H. J., & Modrow, S. (1993) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1993.1210 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
The in vitro ejection of zinc from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 nucleocapsid protein by disulfide benzamides with cellular anti-HIV activity.
Tummino, P. J., Scholten, J. D., Harvey, P. J., et al. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.3.969 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Phenotypic characterization of insertion mutants of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag precursor expressed in recombinant baculovirus-infected cells
Chazal, N., Carrière, C., Gay, B., & Boulanger, P. A. (1994) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.68.1.111-122.1994 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
It is Rous sarcoma virus protein P12 and not P19 that binds tightly to Rous sarcoma virus RNA
Méric, C., Darlix, J.-L., & Spahr, P.-F. (1984) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-2836(84)90396-6 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Mutations in the N-terminal domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein affect virion core structure and proviral DNA synthesis
Berthoux, L., Péchoux, C., Ottmann, M., et al. (1997) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.71.9.6973-6981.1997 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Specificity of Rous sarcoma virus nucleocapsid protein in genomic RNA packaging
Dupraz, P., & Spahr, P. (1992) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.66.8.4662-4670.1992 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Identification and Characterization of Virus Assembly Intermediate Complexes in HIV-1-Infected CD4+T Cells
Lee, Y. M., & Yu, X.-F. (1998) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1998.9064 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 zinc fingers prevent normal processing of gag precursors and result in the release of noninfectious virus particles
Turpin, J. A., Terpening, S. J., Schaeffer, C. A., Yu, G., Glover, C. J., Felsted, R. L., Sausville, E. A., & Rice, W. G. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.9.6180-6189.1996 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Phosphorylation of Residue 131 of HIV-1 Matrix Is Not Required for Macrophage Infection
Freed, E. O., Englund, G., Maldarelli, F. M., & Martin, M. A. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81836-x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Putative Alpha Helix 2 of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vpr Contains a Determinant Which Is Responsible for the Nuclear Translocation of Proviral DNA in Growth-Arrested Cells
Nie, Z., Bergeron, D., Subbramanian, R. A., Yao, X., Checroune, F., Rougeau, N., & Cohen, É. A. (1998) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.72.5.4104-4115.1998 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Retroviral Matrix Proteins: A Structural Perspective
Conte, M. R., & Matthews, S. (1998) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1998.9206 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Incorporation of Pr160(gag-pol) into virus particles requires the presence of both the major homology region and adjacent C-terminal capsid sequences within the Gag-Pol polyprotein
Huang, M. ‐., & Martin, M. A. (1997) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.71.6.4472-4478.1997 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Assembly-defective point mutants of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag precursor phenotypically expressed in recombinant baculovirus-infected cells
Hong, S. S., & Boulanger, P. A. (1993) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.67.5.2787-2798.1993 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Three-dimensional structure of the HTLV-II matrix protein and comparative analysis of matrix proteins from the different classes of pathogenic human retroviruses
Christensen, A. M., Massiah, M. A., Turner, B. G., Sundquist, W. I., & Summers, M. F. (1996) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0700 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The three‐dimensional solution structure of the matrix protein from the type D retrovirus, the Mason–Pfizer monkey virus, and implications for the morphology of retroviral assembly
Conte, M. R., Rumlová, M., Hunter, E., Ruml, T., & Matthews, S. (1997) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/16.19.5819 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Effect of mutations in the nucleocapsid protein (NCp7) upon Pr160(gag-pol) and tRNA(Lys) incorporation into human immunodeficiency virus type 1
Huang, Y., Khorchid, A., Wang, J., et al. (1997) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.71.6.4378-4384.1997 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Mutations of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 p6 <sup>Gag</sup> Domain Result in Reduced Retention of Pol Proteins during Virus Assembly
Yu, X.-F., Dawson, L., Tian, C.-J., Flexner, C., & Dettenhofer, M. (1998) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.72.4.3412-3417.1998 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Distinct functions and requirements for the Cys-His boxes of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein during RNA encapsidation and replication
Schwartz, M. D., Fiore, D., & Panganiban, A. T. (1997) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.71.12.9295-9305.1997 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Role of the C terminus Gag protein in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virion assembly and maturation
Yu, X.-F., Matsuda, Z., Yu, Q., Lee, T. H., & Essex, M. (1995) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/0022-1317-76-12-3171 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Specific binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag-derived proteins to a 5' HIV-1 genomic RNA sequence
Geigenmuller, U., & Linial, M. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.1.667-671.1996 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Solution structure and dynamics of the bioactive retroviral M domain from rous sarcoma virus
McDonnell, J. M., Fushman, D., Cahill, S. M., Zhou, W., Wolven, A., Wilson, C., Nelle, T. D., Resh, M. D., Wills, J. W., & Cowburn, D. (1998) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.1788 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Gag-Gag interactions in the C-terminal domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p24 capsid antigen are essential for Gag particle assembly
Zhang, W., HOCKLEY, D. J., Nermut, M. V., Morikawa, Y., & Jones, I. M. (1996) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/0022-1317-77-4-743 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Pr55gag membrane association in a cell-free system: requirement for a C-terminal domain.
Platt, E. J., & Haffar, O. K. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.10.4594 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The solution structure of the bovine leukaemia virus matrix protein and similarity with lentiviral matrix proteins.
Matthews, S., Mikhailov, M., Burny, A., & Roy, P. (1996) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00691.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Pleiotropic Mutations in the HIV-1 Matrix Protein That Affect Diverse Steps in Replication
Casella, C. R., Raffini, L. J., & Panganiban, A. T. (1997) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1996.8355 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
HIV-1 Particle Release Mediated by Vpu Is Distinct from That Mediated by p6
Schwartz, M. D., Geraghty, R. J., & Panganiban, A. T. (1996) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1996.0532 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Influence of MA Internal Sequences, but Not of the Myristylated N-Terminus Sequence, on the Budding Site of HIV-1 Gag Protein
Gallina, A., Mantoan, G., Rindi, G., & Milanesi, G. (1994) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2566 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Spectral Analysis and Tryptic Susceptibility as Probes of HIV-1 Capsid Protein Structure
Ehrlich, L. S., Agresta, B. E., Gelfand, C. A., Jentoft, J. E., & Carter, C. A. (1994) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1994.1565 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particle formation by alterations of defined amino acids within the C terminus of the capsid protein.
Kattenbeck, B., von Poblotzki, A., Rohrhofer, A., Wolf, H. J., & Modrow, S. (1997) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/0022-1317-78-10-2489 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Inhibition of Friend Virus Replication by a Compound That Reacts with the Nucleocapsid Zinc Finger: Anti-Retroviral Effect Demonstratedin Vivo
Ott, D. E., Hewes, S. M., Alvord, W. G., et al. (1998) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1998.9062 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Role of the gag and pol genes of human immunodeficiency virus in the morphogenesis and maturation of retrovirus-like particles expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus: an ultrastructural study.
一歌, 桑., Kojima, A., Yasuda, A., Takayashiki, E., Masuko, S., Chiba, J., Sata, T., & Kurata, T. (1991) · PubMed · doi:10.1099/0022-1317-72-10-2509

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Myers, G., Wain-Hobson, S., Korber, B., Smith, R. F., Pavlakas, G. N. (Eds.) (1993). ``Human Retroviruses and AIDS: A Compilation and Analysis of Nucleic Acid and Amino Acid Sequences.'' Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM.

Sorted by citations

Membrane nanotubes physically connect T cells over long distances presenting a novel route for HIV-1 transmission
Sowinski, S., Jolly, C., Berninghausen, O., Purbhoo, M. A., Chauveau, A., Köhler, K., Oddos, S., Eissmann, P., Brodsky, F. M., Hopkins, C., et al. (2008) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1682 · Cited by 754 · see citing works
Phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate regulates HIV-1 Gag targeting to the plasma membrane
Ono, A., Ablan, S. D., Lockett, S. J., Nagashima, K., & Freed, E. O. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0405596101 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Self-citation
Structural basis for targeting HIV-1 Gag proteins to the plasma membrane for virus assembly
Saad, J. S., Miller, J., Tai, J., Kim, A., Ghanam, R. H., & Summers, M. F. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0602818103 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Assembly Properties of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 CA Protein
Ganser-Pornillos, B. K., von Schwedler, U. K., Stray, K. M., Aiken, C., & Sundquist, W. I. (2004) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.78.5.2545-2552.2004 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Efficient particle production by minimal gag constructs which retain the carboxy-terminal domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid-p2 and a late assembly domain
Accola, M. A., Strack, B., & Göttlinger, H. G. (2000) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.74.12.5395-5402.2000 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Opposing mechanisms involving RNA and lipids regulate HIV-1 Gag membrane binding through the highly basic region of the matrix domain
Chukkapalli, V., Oh, S. J., & Ono, A. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0908661107 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Identification of Novel Interactions in HIV-1 Capsid Protein Assembly by High-resolution Mass Spectrometry
Lanman, J., Lam, T. T., Barnes, S., Sakalian, M., Emmett, M. R., Marshall, A. G., & Prevelige, P. E. (2003) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(02)01245-7 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
The late domain of human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 p6 promotes virus release in a cell type-dependent manner
Demirov, D. G., Orenstein, J. M., & Freed, E. O. (2002) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.76.1.105-117.2002 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citation
Structural and functional insights into the HIV-1 maturation inhibitor binding pocket
Waki, K., Durell, S. R., Soheilian, F., Nagashima, K., Butler, S. L., & Freed, E. O. (2012) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002997 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Foamy Virus Gag Proteins: What Makes Them Different?
Müllers, E. (2013) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v5041023 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication
Jehad, M. A., Ali, L. M., Pillai, V. N., Prabhu, S. G., Mustafa, F., & Rizvi, T. A. (2026) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1093/femsre/fuaf066 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“The role of Gag is indispensable for the packaging of gRNA into the forming virus particle (Freed 1998 , Bell and Lever 2013 ).”
Influential

Investigation of HIV-1 Gag binding with RNAs and lipids using Atomic Force Microscopy
Chen, S., Xu, J. C., Liu, M., Rao, A. L. N., Zandi, R., Gill, S. S., & Mohideen, U. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228036 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Preferentially Encapsidates Genomic RNAs That Encode Pr55Gag: Functional Linkage between Translation and RNA Packaging
Poon, D. T. K., Chertova, E. N., & Ott, D. E. (2002) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1283 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Cells with High Cyclophilin A Content Support Replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Mutants with Decreased Ability To Incorporate Cyclophilin A
Ackerson, B. K., Rey, O., Canon, J. R., & Krogstad, P. A. (1998) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.72.1.303-308.1998 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The HIV-1 Vpu protein: a multifunctional enhancer of viral particle release
Bour, S. P., & Strebel, K. (2003) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(03)00191-6 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
A Post-entry Step in the Mammalian Orthoreovirus Replication Cycle Is a Determinant of Cell Tropism
Ooms, L. S., Kobayashi, T., Dermody, T. S., et al. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.176255 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Authors: Freed, E. O.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Freed, Eric O.
ORCID: Freed, Eric O.
Venue: Virology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1998-11
Volume: 251
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-15
ISSN: 0042-6822 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1006/viro.1998.9398
OpenAlex: W1993452562
Cited by: 717
References: 163
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 37
FWCI: 6.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 5372 d)
Locations: Virology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
Keywords: HIV-1, Gag protein, viral assembly, virus-like particles, virion maturation, protein-protein interaction, host-virus interaction
MeSH terms: Amino Acid Sequence, Capsid, Molecular Sequence Data, Transcription, Genetic, Viral Proteins, HIV Antigens, HIV-1, Gene Products, gag, Gene Products, env, Virus Assembly, Nucleocapsid, Anti-HIV Agents, gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

HIV-1 Gag proteins: diverse functions in the virus life cycle

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks