The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in human atherosclerosis and regulation in macrophages by colony stimulating factors and oxidized low density lipoprotein
Open accessAbstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that has been demonstrated to regulate fat cell development and glucose homeostasis. PPARγ is also expressed in a subset of macrophages and negatively regulates the expression of several proinflammatory genes in response to natural and synthetic ligands. We here demonstrate that PPARγ is expressed in macrophage foam cells of human atherosclerotic lesions, in a pattern that is highly correlated with that of oxidation-specific epitopes. Oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor, which are known to be present in atherosclerotic lesions, stimulated PPARγ expression in primary macrophages and monocytic cell lines. PPARγ mRNA expression was also induced in primary macrophages and THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells by the phorbol ester 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Inhibition of protein kinase C blocked the induction of PPARγ expression by TPA, but not by oxLDL, suggesting that more than one signaling pathway regulates PPARγ expression in macrophages. TPA induced the expression of PPARγ in RAW 264.7 macrophages by increasing transcription from the PPARγ1 and PPARγ3 promoters. In concert, these observations provide insights into the regulation of PPARγ expression in activated macrophages and raise the possibility that PPARγ ligands may influence the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Cites
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The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ is a negative regulator of macrophage activation
Ricote, M., Li, A. C., Willson, T. M., Kelly, C. J., & Glass, C. K. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/34178 · Cited by 3,525
Self-citationPPAR-γ agonists inhibit production of monocyte inflammatory cytokines
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15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J2 is a ligand for the adipocyte determination factor PPARγ
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Cited by
Macrophages, inflammation, and insulin resistance
Olefsky, J. M., & Glass, C. K. (2010) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135846 · Cited by 2,733
Self-citation(1998) · PubMed · Cited by 2,737
Fat and Beyond: The Diverse Biology of PPARγ
Tontonoz, P., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2008) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.061307.091829 · Cited by 2,085
The PPARs: From Orphan Receptors to Drug Discovery
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A PPARγ-LXR-ABCA1 Pathway in Macrophages Is Involved in Cholesterol Efflux and Atherogenesis
Chawla, A., Boisvert, W. A., Lee, C.-H., Laffitte, B. A., Barak, Y., Joseph, S. B., Liao, D., Nagy, L., Edwards, P. A., Curtiss, L. K., et al. (2001) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00164-2 · Cited by 1,347
Metadata
- Authors
- Ricote, M., Huang, J., Fajas, L., Li, A., Welch, J., Najib, J., Witztum, J. L., Auwerx, J., Palinski, W., & Glass, C. K.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1998-06-23
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 7614-7619
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2021758696
- Cited by
- 721
- References
- 44
- FWCI
- 18.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in human atherosclerosis and regulation in macrophages by colony stimulating factors and oxidized low density lipoprotein. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.95.13.7614
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- Ricote, M., Huang, J., Fajas, L., Li, A., Welch, J., Najib, J., Witztum, J. L., Auwerx, J., Palinski, W., & Glass, C. K. (1998). Expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in human atherosclerosis and regulation in macrophages by colony stimulating factors and oxidized low density lipoprotein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.13.7614
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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