Cited by 1,126Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites researchGenetic diversity and population structureForensic and Genetic Research

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Yersinia pestis , the cause of plague, is a recently emerged clone of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

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Achtman, Mark, Zurth, Kerstin, Morelli, Giovanna, Torrea, Gabriela, Guiyoule, Annie, Carniel, Elisabeth·1999·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.96.24.14043PMC PMC24187

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Abstract

Plague, one of the most devastating diseases of human history, is caused by Yersinia pestis . In this study, we analyzed the population genetic structure of Y. pestis and the two other pathogenic Yersinia species, Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica . Fragments of five housekeeping genes and a gene involved in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharide were sequenced from 36 strains representing the global diversity of Y. pestis and from 12–13 strains from each of the other species. No sequence diversity was found in any Y. pestis gene, and these alleles were identical or nearly identical to alleles from Y. pseudotuberculosis . Thus, Y. pestis is a clone that evolved from Y. pseudotuberculosis 1,500–20,000 years ago, shortly before the first known pandemics of human plague. Three biovars (Antiqua, Medievalis, and Orientalis) have been distinguished by microbiologists within the Y. pestis clone. These biovars form distinct branches of a phylogenetic tree based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the locations of the IS 100 insertion element. These data are consistent with previous inferences that Antiqua caused a plague pandemic in the sixth century, Medievalis caused the Black Death and subsequent epidemics during the second pandemic wave, and Orientalis caused the current plague pandemic.

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Self-citation
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Authors: Achtman, M., Zurth, K., Morelli, G., Torrea, G., Guiyoule, A., & Carniel, E.
Affiliations: Institut Pasteur (FR)
Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Genetik, Ihnestrasse 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and Unité de Bactériologie Moléculaire et Médicale, Laboratoire des Yersinia, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
ORCID: Achtman, Mark
Torrea, Gabriela
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 1999-11-23
Volume: 96
Issue: 24
Pages: 14043-14048
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.24.14043
PMC: PMC24187
OpenAlex: W2111205680
Cited by: 1,126
References: 43
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 61
FWCI: 15.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: correction (2000-07-05)
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
Keywords: Yersinia pestis, plague, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Yersinia enterocolitica, bacterial clonality, population structure, housekeeping genes, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, biovars, phylogenetic analysis, Black Death, plague pandemics, bacterial evolution
MeSH terms: Alleles, Base Sequence, DNA, Bacterial, Genes, Bacterial, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Plague, Yersinia pestis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Evolution, Molecular

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Yersinia pestis , the cause of plague, is a recently emerged clone of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

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