The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Elimination of zinc from synaptic vesicles in the intact mouse brain by disruption of the ZnT 3 gene
Open accessAbstract
The mammalian protein ZnT3 resides on synaptic vesicle membranes of zinc-containing neurons, suggesting its possible role in vesicular zinc transport. We show here that histochemically reactive zinc, corresponding to the zinc found within synaptic vesicles, was undetectable in the brains of mice with targeted disruption of the ZnT3 gene. Total zinc levels in the hippocampus and cortex of these mice were reduced by about 20%. The ultrastructure of mossy fiber boutons, which normally store the highest levels of vesicular zinc, was unaffected. Mice with one normal ZnT3 allele had reduced levels of ZnT3 protein on synaptic vesicle membranes and had intermediate amounts of vesicular zinc. These results demonstrate that ZnT3 is required for transport of zinc into synaptic vesicles and suggest that vesicular zinc concentration is determined by the abundance of ZnT3.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Hedgehog signalling in the mouse requires intraflagellar transport proteins
Huangfu, D., Liu, A., Rakeman, A. S., Murcia, N. S., Niswander, L., & Anderson, K. V. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02061 · Cited by 1,425
The metallobiology of Alzheimer's disease
Bush, A. I. (2003) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(03)00067-5 · Cited by 1,315
Kambe, T., Tsuji, T., Hashimoto, A., & Itsumura, N. (2015) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00035.2014 · Cited by 1,158
Bush, A. (2000) · Current Opinion in Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/s1367-5931(99)00073-3 · Cited by 731
The Functions of Metallothionein and ZIP and ZnT Transporters: An Overview and Perspective
Kimura, T., & Kambe, T. (2016) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms17030336 · Cited by 409
Metadata
- Authors
- Cole, T. B., Wenzel, H. J., Kafer, K. E., Schwartzkroin, P. A., & Palmiter, R. D.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1999-02-16
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1716-1721
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2077122729
- Cited by
- 545
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 15.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Elimination of zinc from synaptic vesicles in the intact mouse brain by disruption of the ZnT 3 gene. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.96.4.1716
- The paper
- Cole, T. B., Wenzel, H. J., Kafer, K. E., Schwartzkroin, P. A., & Palmiter, R. D. (1999). Elimination of zinc from synaptic vesicles in the intact mouse brain by disruption of the ZnT 3 gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.4.1716
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
