Ubiquitin in retrovirus assembly: actor or bystander?
Open accessAbstract
The assembly of retroviruses is deceptively simple. Only the product of the gag gene is required for the formation of a virus-like particle (1). After its synthesis in the cytoplasm Gag is targeted to the plasma membrane, where Gag-Gag interactions, Gag-RNA interactions, Gag-membrane interactions, and perhaps Gag-host protein interactions lead to a bulging out of the nascent virus particle, first as a horseshoe-shaped and then as a lollipop-shaped structure that can be visualized by electron microscopy. The process of membrane envelopment of the virus is called budding. The last step in budding is a membrane fusion event that serves to pinch off the virus, releasing it into the medium. Late in assembly, perhaps concomitant with pinching off or just preceding it, a viral protease cleaves Gag at several sites, leading to a morphological change in the virus. This process is called maturation and is essential for the virus to become infectious.
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Ubiquitination of Gag is a common feature among retroviruses, intricately associated with retroviral budding/release.
“ubiquitination of Gag is a common feature among retroviruses, intricately associated with retroviral budding/release”
From Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication (2026) · cites this paper as Vogt 2000
Cites
Ubiquitin is part of the retrovirus budding machinery
Patnaik, A., Chau, V., & Wills, J. W. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.24.13069 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Parent, L. J., Bennett, R. P., Craven, R. C., Nelle, T. D., Krishna, N. K., Bowzard, J. B., Wilson, C. B., Puffer, B. A., Montelaro, R. C., & Wills, J. W. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.9.5455-5460.1995 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Puffer, B. A., Parent, L. J., Wills, J. W., & Montelaro, R. C. (1997) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.71.9.6541-6546.1997 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
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AIP1/ALIX Is a Binding Partner for HIV-1 p6 and EIAV p9 Functioning in Virus Budding
Strack, B., Calistri, A., Craig, S., Popova, E., & Göttlinger, H. G. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00653-6 · Cited by 825 · see citing works
VerPlank, L., Bouamr, F., LaGrassa, T. J., Agresta, B., Kikonyogo, A., Leis, J., & Carter, C. A. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.131059198 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Role of ESCRT-I in Retroviral Budding
Martin-Serrano, J., Zang, T., & Bieniasz, P. D. (2003) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.77.8.4794-4804.2003 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Demirov, D. G., Orenstein, J. M., & Freed, E. O. (2002) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.76.1.105-117.2002 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Cellular proteins detected in HIV‐1
Ott, D. E. (2008) · Reviews in Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/rmv.570 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Importance of viral late domains in budding and release of enveloped RNA viruses
Welker, L., Paillart, J.-C., & Bernacchi, S. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13081559 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication
Jehad, M. A., Ali, L. M., Pillai, V. N., Prabhu, S. G., Mustafa, F., & Rizvi, T. A. (2026) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1093/femsre/fuaf066 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“11 (Wills et al. 1994 , Parent et al. 1995 , Puffer et al. 1997 , Patnaik et al. 2000 , Schubert et al. 2000 , Strack et al. 2000 , Vogt 2000 , Le Blanc et al. 2002 , Myers and Allen 2002 , Gottwein et al. 2003 , Patton et al. 2005 , Narahara and Yasuda 2015 , Bartusch and Prange 2016 , Del…”
- Authors
- Vogt, V. M.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Vogt, Volker M.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2000-11-21
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 12945-12947
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC34070
- OpenAlex
- W1984587504
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Keywords
- ubiquitin, viral budding, ubiquitin ligase, retroviral envelope, ubiquitination
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Membrane, Humans, Ligases, Retroviridae, Ubiquitins, Virus Replication, HIV-1, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
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