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The hemolymph of the ascidian Styela plicata (Chordata‐Tunicata) contains heparin inside basophil‐like cells and a unique sulfated galactoglucan in the plasma

de Barros, Cintia M., Andrade, Leonardo R., Allodi, Silvana, Viskov, Christian, Mourier, Pierre A., Cavalcante, Moisés C.M., Straus, Anita H., Takahashi, Helio K., Pomin, Vitor H., Carvalho, Vinicius F., Martins, Marco A., Pavão, Mauro S.G.·2007·Journal of Biological Chemistry
DOI 10.1074/jbc.m604056200
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Abstract

The hemolymph of ascidians (Chordata-Tunicata) contains different types of hemocytes embedded in a liquid plasma. In the present study, heparin and a sulfated heteropolysaccharide were purified from the hemolymph of the ascidian Styela plicata. The heteropolysaccharide occurs free in the plasma, is composed of glucose ( approximately 60%) and galactose ( approximately 40%), and is highly sulfated. Heparin, on the other hand, occurs in the hemocytes, and high performance liquid chromatography of the products formed by degradation with specific lyases revealed that it is composed mainly by the disaccharides DeltaUA(2SO(4))-1-->4-beta-d-GlcN(SO(4)) (39.7%) and DeltaUA(2SO(4))-1-->4-beta-d-GlcN(SO(4))(6SO(4)) (38.2%). Small amounts of the 3-O-sulfated disaccharides DeltaUA(2SO(4))-1-->4-beta-d-GlcN(SO(4))(3SO(4)) (9.8%) and DeltaUA(2SO(4))-1-->4-beta-d-GlcN(SO(4))(3SO(4))(6SO(4)) (3.8%) were also detected. These 3-O-sulfated disaccharides were demonstrated to be essential for the binding of the hemocyte heparin to antithrombin III. Electron microscopy techniques were used to characterize the ultrastructure of the hemocytes and to localize heparin and histamine in these cells. At least five cell types were recognized and classified as univacuolated and multivacuolated cells, amebocytes, hemoblasts, and granulocytes. Immunocytochemistry showed that heparin and histamine co-localize in intracellular granules of only one type of hemocyte, the granulocyte. These results show for the f…

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Authors
de Barros, C. M., Andrade, L. R., Allodi, S., Viskov, C., Mourier, P. A., Cavalcante, M. C. M., Straus, A. H., Takahashi, H. K., Pomin, V. H., Carvalho, V. F., Martins, M. A., & Pavão, M. S. G.
Venue
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-01
Volume
282
Issue
3
Pages
1615-1626
ISSN
0021-9258
DOI
10.1074/jbc.m604056200
Cited by
48
References
0
Language
en
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