The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Question illocutionary force indicating devices in academic writing: A corpus-pragmatic and contrastive approach to identifying and analysing direct and indirect questions in English, French, and Spanish
Open accessAbstract
Corpus research on questions as reader engagement markers in academic writing typically focuses on direct questions. Such questions are signalled by question marks and are relatively easily searchable in a corpus. However, indirect questions can be more challenging to identify, as they can be introduced by a range of forms. Based on a contrastive analysis of a corpus of English, French, and Spanish economics research articles, this paper provides pertinent evidence on direct and indirect questions as reader engagement markers. Firstly, it shows that direct and indirect questions as reader engagement markers are a rhetorical and generic feature of academic writing in the economics research article and, secondly, it presents a comprehensive list of indirect question illocutionary force indicating devices, valuable for future studies of indirect questions. Methodologically, this paper illustrates a replicable process for functional analysis and discusses the value of theoretically merging corpus and contrastive linguistic approaches.
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“As the function-to-form approach often requires contextualisation within the whole text (Curry, 2023), initially full texts were used as input for ChatGPT.”
From Generative AI for corpus approaches to discourse studies: A critical evaluation of ChatGPT (2024) · cites this paper as Curry, 2023
Citations
Cites
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Hyland, K. (2004) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/25.2.156 · Cited by 1,241 · cited 1×
“In early studies of indirect questions, Karttunen (1977) delimited his study of indirect questions to those indicated by whcomplements and question verbs.”
BackgroundMetadiscourse: Exploring Interaction in Writing
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Generative AI for corpus approaches to discourse studies: A critical evaluation of ChatGPT
Curry, N., Baker, P., & Brookes, G. (2024) · Applied Corpus Linguistics · doi:10.1016/j.acorp.2023.100082 · Cited by 102
“…function-to-form approach to question identification whereby, direct questions were identified by searching for question marks as illocutionary force indicating devices, while indirect questions were identified through an iterative, functionally driven approach, reported in detail in Curry (2023).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationEpistemologies of corpus linguistics across disciplines
Pérez-Paredes, P., & Curry, N. (2024) · Research Methods in Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1016/j.rmal.2024.100141 · Cited by 29
Self-citationCorpus linguistics for language teaching and learning: A research agenda
Curry, N., & McEnery, T. (2025) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444824000430 · Cited by 43
Self-citationUsing Corpus Linguistics in Materials Development and Teacher Education
Curry, N., & Mark, G. (2023) · Second Language Teacher Education · doi:10.1558/slte.25727 · Cited by 11
Self-citationClimate adaptation in public-oriented research communication
Zannini, L., & Curry, N. (2025) · Critical Discourse Studies · doi:10.1080/17405904.2025.2519243 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Curry, N.
- Affiliations
- Coventry University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Curry, Niall
- ORCID
- Curry, Niall
- Venue
- International Journal of Corpus Linguistics
- Publisher
- John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Published
- 2022-07-18
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 91-119
- ISSN
- 1384-6655 (ISSN-L)
- 1569-9811
- OpenAlex
- W4285726664
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 16.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Corpus Linguistics (publishedVersion)
- Pure (Coventry University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) (acceptedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Discourse Analysis in Language Studies
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Linguistics and Discourse Analysis
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Linguistics and Language Analysis
- Keywords
- indirect questions, direct questions, illocutionary force, academic writing, rhetorical devices, functional analysis, contrastive linguistics
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