3. Interaction or collaboration? Group dynamics in the foreign language classroom
Abstract
This chapter reports on a classroom-based quasi-experimental study examining the relationship between interactional moves and collaborative patterns in peer interaction and their effect on L2 development, using proficiency as an independent variable. Participants were from two parallel Grade 10 English classes in Chile, divided into low and high proficiency classes by the school (N = 53). A series of communicative group work activities were designed and implemented during the regular classes. L2 development was investigated by examining past tense usage and vocabulary size. Focus groups from the two classes (n = 10) were used for analyses of interactional features. Results indicated that learners in the low proficiency group (a) provided more corrective feedback and produced more modified output, (b) engaged in more collaborative interaction, and (c) exhibited a greater L2 development, than the high proficiency group. In order to interpret the results and conceptualize the links among interaction-collaboration-learning, the findings are discussed in relation to a theory in social psychology referred to as social interdependence theory. It is concluded that while proficiency does have an impact on learners’ interactional behaviours, a collaborative mindset – a learner’s psychological approach towards the partner and/or task – may be a stronger mediating factor for L2 development.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The way in which L2 learners approach communicative tasks may influence their interaction behaviour and determines the ultimate benefit of interaction.
“In general, learner psychology requires further research as the way in which L2 learners approach communicative tasks may influence their interaction behaviour and determines the ultimate benefit of interaction (Sato 2016).”
From Interaction and instructed second language acquisition (2018) · cites this paper as Sato 2016
The extent to which learners are engaged with tasks (engagement) is a growing research area.
“The extent to which learners are engaged with tasks (engagement) is a growing research area as well (Cao & Philp 2006;Philp & Duchesne 2016;Sato 2016).”
From Interaction and instructed second language acquisition (2018) · cites this paper as Sato 2016
Cites
Basics of Qualitative Research (3rd ed.): Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008) · SAGE · doi:10.4135/9781452230153 · Cited by 12,136 · see citing works
THE ROLE OF TUTORING IN PROBLEM SOLVING <sup>*</sup>
Wood, D., Bruner, J. S., & Ross, G. (1976) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1976.tb00381.x · Cited by 8,851 · see citing works
An Educational Psychology Success Story: Social Interdependence Theory and Cooperative Learning
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2009) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x09339057 · Cited by 2,721 · see citing works
Patterns of Interaction in ESL Pair Work
Storch, N. (2002) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/1467-9922.00179 · Cited by 1,080 · see citing works
Learner proficiency and focus on form during collaborative dialogue
Leeser, M. J. (2004) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1191/1362168804lr134oa · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Dynamic assessment in the classroom: Vygotskian praxis for second language development
Lantolf, J. P., & Poehner, M. E. (2011) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168810383328 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Toth, P. D. (2008) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2008.00441.x · Cited by 149 · see citing works
SYNTACTIC PRIMING AND ESL QUESTION DEVELOPMENT
McDonough, K., & Mackey, A. (2008) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263108080029 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Pica, T. (2013) · AILA Applied Linguistics Series · doi:10.1075/aals.9.06ch3 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Interaction and instructed second language acquisition
Loewen, S., & Sato, M. (2018) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444818000125 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
“Sato & Viveros (2016) compared intact EFL classes in a high school in Chile that had been divided into high and low proficiency classes.”
BackgroundSelf-citationSato, M. (2017) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12214 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationDao, P., & Sato, M. (2021) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/13621688211044238 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“…learning, (4) build up and enhance their long-term resiliency over the course of L2 learning (see MacIntyre & Gregersen, 2012; MacIntyre et al., 2016), and (5) enable learners to co-construct a positive social cohesion with their peers (Sato & Viveros, 2016; Storch, 2002; Watanabe & Swain, 2007).”
BackgroundSelf-citationContext matters: Learner beliefs and interactional behaviors in an EFL vs. ESL context
Sato, M., & Storch, N. (2020) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168820923582 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationMobile Augmented Reality and Language‐Related Episodes
Sydorenko, T., Hellermann, J., Thorne, S., & Howe, V. (2019) · TESOL Quarterly (Print) · doi:10.1002/tesq.507 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Jin, T., Jiang, Y.-S., Gu, M., & Chen, J. (2022) · Journal of English for Academic Purposes · doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2022.101177 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
McDonough, K., Crawford, W., & Vleeschauwer, J. D. (2016) · Language learning and language teaching · doi:10.1075/lllt.45.08mcd · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Comparing the Same Task in ESL vs. EFL Learning Contexts: An Activity Theory Perspective
Storch, N., & Sato, M. (2019) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1111/ijal.12263 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationSato, M., & McDonough, K. (2020) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2020.102301 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citation11. Small-group meta-analytic talk and Spanish L2 development
Moranski, K., & Toth, P. D. (2016) · Language Learning & Language Teaching · doi:10.1075/lllt.45.12mor · Cited by 29 · see citing works
4. Interactional behaviours of low-proficiency learners in small group work
Choi, H.-K., & Iwashita, N. (2016) · Language learning and language teaching · doi:10.1075/lllt.45.05cho · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Emergent Leadership and Group Interaction in the Task‐Based Language Classroom
Leeming, P. (2019) · TESOL Quarterly (Print) · doi:10.1002/tesq.506 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Lexical language-related episodes in pair and small group work
Mayo, M. D. P. G., & Zeitler, N. (2017) · International Journal of English Studies · doi:10.6018/ijes/2017/1/255011 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Young, A. I., & Tedick, D. J. (2016) · Language learning and language teaching · doi:10.1075/lllt.45.06you · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The influence of small groups on leader stability and task engagement in the language classroom
Leeming, P. (2021) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168821989866 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Sato and Ballinger (2016) presented a collection of empirical studies investigating interaction in their book, Peer interaction and second language learning , and many of these studies highlighted the importance of group members (Choi & Iwashita, 2016; Sato & Viveros, 2016).”
BackgroundCrawford, W., McDonough, K., & Brun-Mercer, N. (2018) · TESOL Quarterly (Print) · doi:10.1002/tesq.477 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Tajabadi, A., Ahmadian, M., Dowlatabadi, H., & Yazdani, H. (2020) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168820951207 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
13. Peer interaction while learning to read in a new language
Bigelow, M., & King, K. (2016) · Language learning and language teaching · doi:10.1075/lllt.45.14big · Cited by 16 · see citing works
New pathways in researching interaction
Philp, J. (2016) · Language learning and language teaching · doi:10.1075/lllt.45.15phi · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hessel, G. (2019) · Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.14746/ssllt.2019.9.3.4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“A recent classroombased study by Sato and Viveros (2016) also found that L2 learners with lower L2 proficiency levels tended to engage in more supportive and collaborative interactions, which tended to produce more opportunities for learning than interactions among more advanced-level learners.”
BackgroundGerman Learners' Beliefs About Peer Interaction and Peer Feedback
Sippel, L. (2020) · Die Unterrichtspraxis/Teaching German · doi:10.1111/tger.12135 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Chapter 1. Child EFL grammar learning through a collaborative writing task
Calzada, A., & Mayo, M. D. P. G. (2020) · Language learning and language teaching · doi:10.1075/lllt.55.01cal · Cited by 9 · see citing works
McDonough, K., Trofimovich, P., Dao, P., & Abashidze, D. (2018) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444818000368 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Additionally, social relations reflected through pair/group dynamics (Storch 2002; Storch & Aldosari 2012; Sato & Viveros 2016) and learners’ positioning in interaction (Young & Tedick 2016) affect the quantity and quality of collaborative discussions about language form.”
BackgroundIntercultural Communication and Language Pedagogy
Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A Synthesis of EFL Research in Chilean High Schools: Research Shortage or Research Opportunities?
Jaramillo-Yanquepe, C. (2022) · Profile Issues in Teachers' Professional Development · doi:10.15446/profile.v24n1.92155 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Article Teachers’ perspectives on students’ motivation Research Papers on Education (English) Sato & Viveros 2016 Interaction or collaboration?”
BackgroundThe interplay between metalanguage, feedback, and meaning negotiation in oral interaction
Canals, L. (2022) · Language Learning & Technology · doi:10.64152/10125/73486 · Cited by 4
“…and have found mostly benefits when pairing up first language (L1) and second language (L2) speakers or L2 speakers with different L1s amongst themselves (Bueno-Alastuey, 2013; Mackey et al., 2003) and/or at different proficiency levels (Leeser, 2004; Nassaji, 2013; Sato & Viveros, 2016).”
BackgroundPeer assistance among mixed-age pairs in mixed-age EFL secondary school classrooms in Germany
Kos, T. (2017) · European Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1515/eujal-2017-0013 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dao, P., Hoang, S. T. T., & Nguyen, M. X. N. C. (2023) · Language Awareness · doi:10.1080/09658416.2022.2152828 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…task-related factors, proficiency, perceptions and context) (see Dao & McDonough, 2017, 2018; Erlam & Pimentel-Hellier, 2017; Philp et al., 2010, Sato & Viveros, 2016; Sato & Lyster, 2007; Yoshida, 2008, 2010), and pedagogical interventions to address PI’s issues (see Dao, 2020; Kim &…”
Hiromori, T. (2021) · doi:10.32038/ltrq.2021.21.05 · Cited by 3
“Similarly, Sato and Viveros (2016) examined the relationship between interactional moves and collaborative peer interaction patterns.”
BackgroundIntercultural Communication: Teaching Nonverbal Communication
Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.009
Miscommunication, Conflict, and Intercultural Communicative Competence
Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.014 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Data of the interaction mindset questionnaire: An initial exploration
Sato, M., McDonough, K., & Oyanedel, J. (2020) · Data in Brief · doi:10.1016/j.dib.2020.106000 · Cited by 2
Self-citationKey Concepts in Intercultural Communication
Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.002
Assessing Intercultural Communication
Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.011 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Intercultural Communication: Teaching Grammar
Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.006
Intercultural Communication: Teaching Vocabulary
Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.005
The Learner as Analyst: Methods and Sources of Data Analysis
Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.004
Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.013
Curricular Plans for Teaching with an Intercultural Communication Orientation
Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.015
Intercultural Communication: Teaching Pragmatics
Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.007
Pedagogical Foundations of Teaching Intercultural Communication for L2/Lx Use
Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Intercultural Communication: Teaching Cultural Knowledge
Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.010
Intercultural Communication: Teaching Paralinguistic Features
Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.008
- Authors
- Sato, M., & Viveros, P.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Andrés Bello (CL)
- ORCID
- Sato, Masatoshi
- Venue
- Language Learning & Language Teaching
- Publisher
- John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Published
- 2016-02-26
- Pages
- 91-112
- ISSN
- 1569-9471 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2480595535
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 28.78
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Language learning and language teaching (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Second Language Acquisition and Learning
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Linguistics and Language Analysis
- Keywords
- peer interaction, cooperative learning, group work, second language development, corrective feedback, social interdependence theory, collaborative mindset, second language proficiency, English as a foreign language, vocabulary size
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review