The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Exemplar dynamics: Word frequency, lenition and contrast
Abstract
To appear in J. Bybee & P. Hopper (eds.), Frequency effects and emergent grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Exemplar theory was first developed as a model of similarity and classification in perception. In this paper, the theory is extended to model speech production as well as speech perception. Straightforward extension of the model provides a formal framework for thinking about the quantitative predictions of usage-based phonology, as proposed by Bybee. A model is proposed which allows us to derive the finding that leniting historical changes are more advanced in frequent words than in rarer ones. Calculations using this model are presented which reveal the interaction of production noise, lenition and entrenchment. A realistic treatment is also provided for the time course of a phonological merger which originates from lenition of a marked category.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
More than words: Frequency effects for multi-word phrases
Arnon, I., & Snider, N. (2010) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2009.09.005 · Cited by 791
A Usage‐Based Account of Constituency and Reanalysis
Beckner, C., & Bybee, J. (2009) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2009.00534.x · Cited by 299
Relative Clauses in English conversation: Relativizers, frequency, and the notion of construction
Fox, B. A., & Thompson, S. A. (2007) · Studies in Language · doi:10.1075/sl.31.2.03fox · Cited by 250
Against stored abstractions: A radical exemplar model of language acquisition
Ambridge, B. (2020) · First Language · doi:10.1177/0142723719869731 · Cited by 185
Türker, E. (2016) · Second Language Research · doi:10.1177/0267658315593336 · Cited by 58
Metadata
- Authors
- Pierrehumbert, J. B.
- Venue
- Typological Studies in Language
- Publisher
- John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Published
- 2001-10-15
- Pages
- 137-158
- ISSN
- 0167-7373 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2129087637
- Cited by
- 1,479
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 41.96
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Exemplar dynamics: Word frequency, lenition and contrast. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1075/tsl.45.08pie
- The paper
- Pierrehumbert, J. B. (2001). Exemplar dynamics: Word frequency, lenition and contrast. Typological Studies in Language. https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.45.08pie
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
