The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Lack of inhibition: a motivational deficit in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and children with traumatic brain injury
Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated that both brain-injured children and children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suffer from response inhibition deficits. To investigate whether these deficits can be influenced by motivational factors, the stop-signal task was performed with and without reward contingencies for successful inhibition. Three groups of children between 8 and 12 years of age, participated in the study: 31 children with ADHD, 37 with traumatic brain injuries (TBI), and 26 normal controls. Results indicated that, although all groups showed comparable learning effects, reward contingencies had different effects on the groups. Whereas the performance of children with ADHD under reward contingencies were brought up to the performance level of normal controls, rewards were found less effective at improving response inhibition in children with TBI. The results further support a motivational/energetic explanation of the inhibitory deficit in children with ADHD, and of a primary response inhibition deficit due to structural brain damage in children with TBI.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“It explained a phenomenon that performance can be improved to normal levels under conditions that are thought to increase arousal and/or motivation, such as the provision of external rewards (Konrad et al., 2000; Slusarek et al., 2001) or the faster presentation of stimuli (Scheres et al., 2001).”
From A Review of Heterogeneity in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (2019) · cites this paper as Konrad et al., 2000
In the citing paper
“In a previous behavioral study, we could demonstrate that boys with ADHD were particularly hyperresponsive to social rewards (i.e., smiles and friendly faces), indicating that the motivational context as defined by the type of attainable reward plays a significant role in influencing goal-directed behavior in children and adolescents with ADHD versus typically developing controls (Geurts et al., 2”
From Differentiating neural reward responsiveness in autism versus ADHD (2014) · cites this paper as Konrad et al., 2000
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–125 of 125
Neuropsychologie der Motivation
Gauggel, S. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-08959-0_5 · Cited by 4
Self-citationRewards Can Foster Response Execution and Response Inhibition in Young Children Diagnosed with ADHD
Sader, A., Walg, M., & Ferdinand, N. K. (2022) · Journal of Cognition and Development · doi:10.1080/15248372.2022.2110875 · Cited by 4
“There are only very few studies examining inhibition over the course of time in children with ADHD, and these usually find that inhibition in children aged eight to fourteen years does not change with time when no rewards are given (Dekkers et al., 2017; Gawrilow & Gollwitzer, 2008; Konrad et al., 2000).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSood, N. T., Godfrey, C., Arana, C. C., et al. (2022) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2022.2025861 · Cited by 3
“…children are reported to exhibit dysregulation, with worse outcomes in attention, anxiety/depression, and aggression (Anderson et al., 2012; Ganesalingam et al., 2006, 2007; Ganesalingam et al., 2011), resulting in adverse behavioural functioning (Ganesalingam et al., 2006; Konrad et al., 2000).”
BackgroundEmpirical status regarding the remediation of executive skills
Slomine, B. S., Locascio, G., & Kramer, M. E. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511977954.020 · Cited by 3
Leonard, M. A. (2005) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · Cited by 3
Cai, W., & Mizuno, Y. (2026) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-026-03972-0 · Cited by 4
The Clinical Utility of the QbTest
Günther, T. (2025) · Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie · doi:10.1024/1016-264x/a000406 · Cited by 2
Neuropsychologie der Motivation
Gauggel, S. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72340-0_5 · Cited by 2
Self-citationAn Examination of Fine Motor Control In Children with ADHD
Petrauskas, V. (2014) · Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor) · Cited by 2
Lee, T. M., Leung, A. W., & Chan, C. C. H. (2007) · Future Neurology · doi:10.2217/14796708.2.2.189 · Cited by 1
“Cognitive and social behavioral regulation difficulty can be observed in children who survive moderate-to-severe TBIs [90–92].”
BackgroundPertab, J. L. (2010) · ScholarsArchive (Brigham Young University)
Motor Skills in Children with ADHD: Comparative Study from the Farmacological Treatment
Claros, J. A. V., & Velez, C. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/28489
“The interest in studying motor skill functioning in ADHD and in discriminating children with ADHD from those with neurological disorders is not new (Konrad et al., 2000).”
BackgroundSocial skills and theory of mind in children with traumatic brain injury
Paine, S. (2013) · UTAS Research Repository · doi:10.25959/23206958
The Specificity and Neural Basis of Impaired Inhibitory Control
Lipszyc, J. (2009) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Neurokognitive Defizite bei Autismus und Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätssyndrom
Bruning, N. (2006) · PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University)
Re-Examining the Stop-Signal Task to Test Competing Theories of AD/HD
Santerre-Lemmon, L. E. (2011) · Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver)
The Neural Substrates of Response Inhibition in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)
Bhaijiwala, M. (2016) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Separating Within-Trial Activities in the Stop Signal Task Using fMRI
Chevrier, A. (2016) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Sinopoli, K. J. (2011) · Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)
Wilkinson, A. A. (2016) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Calmenson, N. E. (2017) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc1062861
Grandjean, A., Suárez, I., Fonséca, D. D., & Casini, L. A. (2022) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2022.2100882 · Cited by 1
“…shown that the performance level of children and adolescents with ADHD became similar to that of typically developing peers in a reward condition compared to a no reward condition during a stop-signal task (Konrad et al., 2000) and also in Go/No-Go tasks (Demurie et al., 2016; Groom et al., 2010).”
BackgroundResultGrandjean, A. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/09142f43z5b6fz462bz83c7za94811509c36
Transtornos mentais comuns na infância : estudo de mecanismos genéticos e neuropsicológicos
Junior, S., & Abrahão, G. (2012)
Metadata
- Authors
- Konrad, K., Gauggel, S., Manz, A., & Schöll, M.
- Affiliations
- RWTH Aachen University (DE)
- Venue
- Child Neuropsychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2000-12
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 286-296
- ISSN
- 0929-7049 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-4136
- OpenAlex
- W2018757898
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 0.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Child Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- response inhibition, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, traumatic brain injury, motivational factors, reward contingency, stop-signal task, inhibitory deficits, children, learning effects
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain Injuries, Child, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Motivation, Reaction Time, Reward
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
