Comparative methodology for the detection and differentiation of circulating microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis in the dog
Abstract
The sensitivities of the Knott's test (four 20-microl sediment aliquots), quantitative buffy coat capillary tube method (QBC tube, 111 microl of whole blood) and direct blood smear (DBS, 20 microl of whole blood) were evaluated for the detection of microfilaraemia in dogs. Undiluted whole blood samples taken from 70 Dirofilaria immitis antigen-positive dogs and 10 serially diluted microfilaraemic blood samples at concentrations of 400, 200, 100, 50, 25 and 12 microfilariae (mff) ml(-1) were examined. For filarial speciation, the buffy coat of QBC tubes was mixed with one drop of methylene blue-formalin solution and examined as a direct smear. In 52/70 microfilaraemic blood samples, the number of mff ranged from 12 to 321987 ml(-1) (median: 3199 ml(-1)). The diagnostic sensitivity of the Knott's test, QBC tube method and DBS in undiluted blood samples attained the 100%, 98% and 92.3% levels, respectively. Eighteen dogs tested amicrofilaraemic by all three methods. At concentrations of 400 mff ml(-1), a 100% sensitivity was found by all three methods, while at 200 mff ml(-1) the Knott's test, QBC tube and DBS were 100%, 100% and 90% sensitive, respectively. The relevant figures at 100 mff ml(-1) were 100%, 100% and 80%, at 50 mff ml(-1) 100%, 100% and 50%, at 25 mff ml(-1) 100%, 100% and 10% and at 12 mff ml(-1) 80%, 50% and 10%. At 50 and 25 mff ml(-1), the DBS was less sensitive compared to the other two methods, while at 12 mff ml(-1), only to the Knott's test. A significant correlation was found between the QBC tube method and Knott's test regarding mff speciation. Therefore, the QBC method may be considered a reliable alternative to the Knott's test for both the detection and speciation of mff in the dog.
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The sensitivity of the modified Knott test is higher than in the native blood smear.
“The sensitivity of the modified Knott test is even higher than in the native blood smear.”
From The Incidence of Dirofilaria immitis in Shelter Dogs and Mosquitoes in Austria (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
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The Incidence of Dirofilaria immitis in Shelter Dogs and Mosquitoes in Austria
Sonnberger, K., Fuehrer, H.-P., Sonnberger, B. W., & Leschnik, M. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10050550 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mylonakis, M. E., Papadopoulos, E., Koutinas, A. F., Paitaki, C., & Leontides, L.
- Affiliations
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GR)
- University of Thessaly (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Koutinas, A.F.
- Venue
- Journal of Helminthology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 137-140
- ISSN
- 0022-149X (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2697
- OpenAlex
- W1988319750
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Helminthology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Thessaly Institutional Repository (University of Thessaly) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Keywords
- Dirofilaria immitis, canine heartworm disease, microfilaremia, diagnostic sensitivity, dogs, diagnostic test comparison
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Specimen Collection, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilariasis, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Female, Male, Microfilariae, Sensitivity and Specificity
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