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Cited by 75Pain Management and Placebo EffectDental Anxiety and Anesthesia TechniquesPsychotherapy Techniques and Applications

Hypnosis and Distraction Differ in Their Effects on Cold Pressor Pain

Freeman, Robert, Barabasz, Arreed, Barabasz, Marrianne, Warner, Dennis·2000·American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis
DOI 10.1080/00029157.2000.10404266
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Abstract

On the bases of Hilgard's neodissociation theory and Spano's (1982) sociocognitive theory, volunteers stringently selected for high (N = 10) and low (N = 10) hypnotizability were exposed to a cold pressor pain test during counterbalanced conditions of waking relaxation, distraction, and hypnosis. To better discriminate between hypnosis and distraction conditions, a new distraction procedure was developed involving the memorization of a sequence of colored lights. High hypnotizables showed significantly greater pain relief for hypnosis versus distraction or waking relaxation conditions. High hypnotizables also demonstrated significantly greater pain relief than low hypnotizables in response to hypnosis. Quantitative electroencephalographic (EEG) findings showed significantly greater high theta (5.5-7.5 Hz) activity for highs as compared to lows at parietal (P3) and occipital (01) sites during both hypnosis and waking relaxation conditions. The findings fail to support the socio-cognitive conceptualization of hypnotic behavior while providing additional evidence supporting the neo-dissociation theory and state based theories of hypnosis in general.

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Crossref · 10.1080/00029157.2000.10404266

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1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Hypnosis has been most closely linked to power in the theta band.

    “Hypnosis has been most closely linked to power in the theta band and changes in gamma activity.”

    From Brain oscillations, hypnosis, and hypnotizability (2015) · cites this paper as Freeman et al., 2000

  • Highs tend to evidence more baseline theta activity than lows.

    “The evidence shows that highs tend to evidence more baseline theta activity than lows (Freeman, Barabasz, Barabasz, & Warner, 2000; Galbraith, London, Leibovitz, Cooper, & Hart, 1970; Kirenskaya, Novototsky-Vlasov, & Zvonikov, 2011; Montgomery, Dwyer, & Kelly, 2000; Sabourin, et al., 1990; Tebecis, Provins, Farnbach, & Pentony, 1975).”

    From Brain oscillations, hypnosis, and hypnotizability (2015) · cites this paper as Freeman et al., 2000

  • Baseline theta activity is significantly higher in high hypnotizables relative to low hypnotizables.

    “Some preliminary support for these hypotheses has been reported in the research literature, previously discussed, showing significantly higher level of baseline theta activity in highs relative to lows (Freeman, et al., 2000; Galbraith, et al., 1970; Kirenskaya, et al., 2011; Montgomery, et al., 2000; Sabourin, et al., 1990; Tebecis, et al., 1975)”

    From Brain oscillations, hypnosis, and hypnotizability (2015) · cites this paper as Freeman, et al., 2000

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Authors
Freeman, R., Barabasz, A., Barabasz, M., & Warner, D.
Affiliations
Washington State University (US)
Venue
American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2000-10
Volume
43
Issue
2
Pages
137-148
ISSN
  • 0002-9157 (ISSN-L)
  • 2160-0562
DOI
10.1080/00029157.2000.10404266
OpenAlex
W2133932596
Cited by
75
References
1
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI
0.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Dental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Keywords
hypnosis, distraction, cold pressor pain, hypnotic susceptibility, analgesia, theta activity, EEG, hypnotic state
MeSH terms
Cold Temperature, Electroencephalography, Humans, Hypnosis, Pain, Pain Measurement, Relaxation, Wakefulness

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