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Cited by 719

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Some Implementations of the Boxplot

Frigge, Michael, Hoaglin, David C., Iglewicz, Boris·1989·The American Statistician

Abstract

An increasing number of statistical software packages offer exploratory data displays and summaries. For one of these, the graphical technique known as the boxplot, a selective survey of popular software packages revealed several definitions. These alternative constructions arise from different choices in computing quartiles and the fences that determine whether an observation is “outside” and thus plotted individually. We examine these alternatives and their consequences, discuss related background for boxplots (such as the probability that a sample contains one or more outside observations and the average proportion of outside observations in a sample), and offer recommendations that lead to a single standard form of the boxplot.

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Metadata

Authors
Frigge, M., Hoaglin, D. C., & Iglewicz, B.
Venue
The American Statistician
Published
1989-02
Volume
43
Issue
1
Pages
50-54
ISSN
  • 0003-1305 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-2731
OpenAlex
W2025037675
Cited by
719
References
1
FWCI
7.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Some Implementations of the Boxplot. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/00031305.1989.10475612
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Frigge, M., Hoaglin, D. C., & Iglewicz, B. (1989). Some Implementations of the Boxplot. The American Statistician. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1989.10475612

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