Cited by 1,802Data Visualization and AnalyticsSAS software applications and methodsStatistical Methods and Applications

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Violin Plots: A Box Plot-Density Trace Synergism

Hintze, Jerry L., Nelson, Ray D.·1998·The American Statistician

DOI 10.1080/00031305.1998.10480559

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Abstract

Many modifications build on Tukey's original box plot. A proposed further adaptation, the violin plot, pools the best statistical features of alternative graphical representations of batches of data. It adds the information available from local density estimates to the basic summary statistics inherent in box plots. This marriage of summary statistics and density shape into a single plot provides a useful tool for data analysis and exploration.

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Crossref · 10.1080/00031305.1998.10480559

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Authors: Hintze, J. L., & Nelson, R. D.
Affiliations: Brigham Young University (US)
Venue: The American Statistician
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 1998-05
Volume: 52
Issue: 2
Pages: 181-184
ISSN: 0003-1305 (ISSN-L)
1537-2731
DOI: 10.1080/00031305.1998.10480559
OpenAlex: W2042204882
Cited by: 1,802
References: 17
Citations by year: 2026: 97 · 2025: 138 · 2024: 181 · 2023: 170 · 2022: 159 · 2021: 184 · 2020: 151 · 2019: 124 · 2018: 112 · 2017: 83 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 69 · 2013: 57 · 2012: 40
FWCI: 2.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The American Statistician (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design › Data Visualization and Analytics
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Software › SAS software applications and methods
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Applications
Keywords: violin plots, box plots, density estimation, data visualization, summary statistics, exploratory data analysis

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Violin Plots: A Box Plot-Density Trace Synergism

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