The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Arsenic in Drinking Water and Mortality from Vascular Disease: An Ecologic Analysis in 30 Counties in the United States
Abstract
Chronic arsenic consumption can cause vascular diseases. Adverse vascular effects of arsenic in drinking water in the United States have not been studied. This study investigated the ecological relationship between the population-weighted mean arsenic concentration in public drinking water supplies and mortality from circulatory diseases in 30 U.S. counties from 1968 to 1984. Mean arsenic levels ranged from 5.4 to 91.5 micrograms/l. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for diseases of arteries, arterioles, and capillaries (DAAC) (ICD 8th/9th revision, 440-448) for counties exceeding 20 micrograms/l were 1.9 (90% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7-2.1) for females and 1.6 (90% CI = 1.5-1.8) for males. The SMRs for the three subgroups of DAAC--arteriosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, and all other DAAC--tended to be elevated. With respect to the same arsenic group, the SMRs for congenital anomalies of the heart (ICD-8/9, 746/745-746) and circulatory system (ICD-8/9, 747) also tended to be elevated. Two competing interpretations emerge as possibilities: either there are spurious associations resulting from invalid outcome data or causal associations.
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Citations
Cites
Ecological Bias, Confounding, and Effect Modification
GREENLAND, S., & MORGENSTERN, H. (1989) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/18.1.269 · Cited by 540
Invited commentary: ecologic studies—biases, misconceptions, and counterexamples
Greenland, S., & Robins, J. (1994) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117069 · Cited by 494
Cited by
Chen, Y., Graziano, J. H., Parvez, F., Liu, M., Slavkovich, V., Kalra, T., Argos, M., Islam, T., Ahmed, A., Rakibuz-Zaman, M., et al. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d2431 · Cited by 454
Chen, Y., Parvez, F., Gamble, M., Islam, T., Ahmed, A., Argos, M., Graziano, J. H., & Ahsan, H. (2009) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2009.01.010 · Cited by 301
Moon, K. A., Guallar, E., Umans, J. G., Devereux, R. B., Best, L. G., Francesconi, K. A., Goessler, W., Pollak, J., Silbergeld, E. K., Howard, B. V., et al. (2013) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-10-201311190-00719 · Cited by 272
Barchowsky, A., Klei, L. R., Dudek, E. J., Swartz, H. M., & James, P. E. (1999) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(99)00186-0 · Cited by 259
Metadata
- Authors
- Engel, R. R., & Smith, A. H.
- Venue
- Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1994-10
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 418-427
- ISSN
- 0003-9896 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2054688001
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 3.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Arsenic in Drinking Water and Mortality from Vascular Disease: An Ecologic Analysis in 30 Counties in the United States. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/00039896.1994.9954996
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- Engel, R. R., & Smith, A. H. (1994). Arsenic in Drinking Water and Mortality from Vascular Disease: An Ecologic Analysis in 30 Counties in the United States. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1994.9954996
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
