The DOI matches its Crossref record; 86 of the 90 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Global Production Networks, Foreign Direct Investment, and Supplier Linkages in the Integrated Peripheries of the Automotive Industry
Open accessAbstract
This article examines the regional development effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the integrated peripheries of the automotive industry by analyzing supplier linkages between foreign subsidiaries and domestic firms. It develops the spatial concept of integrated peripheries in core-based macroregional production networks. Conceptually, it draws on the dynamic notion of uneven development in contemporary capitalism, namely, on David Harvey’s spatiotemporal fix and on the global production networks concept of strategic coupling to investigate the mode of articulation of integrated peripheries into macro-regional production networks. Empirically, it analyzes the quantity and quality of supplier linkages in the automotive industry of Slovakia based on unique data collected by the author from both foreign subsidiaries and domestic firms through a survey completed by 133 automotive firms in 2010 and interviews with 50 automotive firms conducted between 2011 and 2015. The empirical analysis uncovered weak and dependent supplier linkages between foreign subsidiaries and domestic firms, which undermine the potential for technology and knowledge transfer from foreign subsidiaries to the domestic economy and positive long-term regional development effects of large FDI by automotive industry corporations in integrated peripheries.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.
Citations
Cites
Innovation and Learning: The Two Faces of R & D
Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1989) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2233763 · Cited by 7,530
The governance of global value chains
Gereffi, G., Humphrey, J., & Sturgeon, T. (2005) · Review of International Political Economy · doi:10.1080/09692290500049805 · Cited by 7,233
(1982) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,472
Multinational Corporations and Spillovers
Blomström, M., & Kokko, A. (1998) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/1467-6419.00056 · Cited by 2,339
Global production networks and the analysis of economic development
Henderson, J., Dicken, P., Hess, M., Coe, N., & Yeung, H. W.-C. (2002) · Review of International Political Economy · doi:10.1080/09692290210150842 · Cited by 2,216
Much Ado about Nothing? Do Domestic Firms Really Benefit from Foreign Direct Investment?
Görg, H. (2004) · The World Bank Research Observer · doi:10.1093/wbro/lkh019 · Cited by 1,708
Seventeen contradictions and the end of capitalism
(2014) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.185063 · Cited by 1,521
‘Globalizing’ regional development: a global production networks perspective
Coe, N. M., Heß, M., Yeung, H. W., Dicken, P., & Henderson, J. (2004) · Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers · doi:10.1111/j.0020-2754.2004.00142.x · Cited by 1,442
Spatial Divisions of Labor: Social Structures and the Geography of Production
Clark, G. L., & Massey, D. (1985) · Economic Geography · doi:10.2307/143567 · Cited by 1,266
Value chains, networks and clusters: reframing the global automotive industry
Sturgeon, T., Van Biesebroeck, J., & Gereffi, G. (2008) · Journal of Economic Geography · doi:10.1093/jeg/lbn007 · Cited by 885
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Board C., 2016, International comparisons of hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, 1996–2015
- Eurostat, 2016, Structural business statistics: Annual detailed enterprise statistics—Industry and construction
- ———, 2006, The limits to capital
- Hymer S., 1972, Economics and world order, 113
- 10.1111/ijur.2002.26.issue-4 · DOI
- Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d’Automobile, 2016, World motor vehicle production by country and type, 1997–2015
- Slovak Investment and Trade Development Agency, 2016, Automotive sector in Slovakia
- ———, 2013, World investment report 2013: Global value chains: Investment and trade for development
- ———, 2016, World investment report 2016: Investor nationality: Policy challenges
- Veloso F., 2000, Global strategies for the development of the Portuguese autoparts industry
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Global value chains: A review of the multi-disciplinary literature
Kano, L., Tsang, E. W. K., & Yeung, H. W.-C. (2020) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/s41267-020-00304-2 · Cited by 767
The dark side of regional industrial path development: towards a typology of trajectories of decline
Blažek, J., Květoň, V., Baumgartinger-Seiringer, S., & Trippl, M. (2019) · European Planning Studies · doi:10.1080/09654313.2019.1685466 · Cited by 147
Restructuring and internationalization of the European automotive industry
Pavlínek, P. (2018) · Journal of Economic Geography · doi:10.1093/jeg/lby070 · Cited by 88
Self-citationRelative positions of countries in the core-periphery structure of the European automotive industry
Pavlínek, P. (2021) · European Urban and Regional Studies · doi:10.1177/09697764211021882 · Cited by 85
Self-citationPavlínek, P. (2022) · Empirica · doi:10.1007/s10663-022-09554-9 · Cited by 84
Self-citationMedve‐Bálint, G., & Šćepanović, V. (2019) · Review of International Political Economy · doi:10.1080/09692290.2019.1646669 · Cited by 82
Geopolitical Decoupling in Global Production Networks
Pavlínek, P. (2023) · Economic Geography · doi:10.1080/00130095.2023.2281175 · Cited by 58
Self-citationRobotization in Central and Eastern Europe: catching up or dependence?
Cséfalvay, Z. (2019) · European Planning Studies · doi:10.1080/09654313.2019.1694647 · Cited by 48
FDI-based regional development in Central and Eastern Europe: A review and an agenda
Gál, Z., & Lux, G. (2022) · Tér és Társadalom · doi:10.17649/tet.36.3.3439 · Cited by 42
Neither core nor periphery: The search for competitive advantage in the automotive semi‐periphery
Mordue, G., & Sweeney, B. A. (2019) · Growth and Change · doi:10.1111/grow.12354 · Cited by 39
Transition to electric vehicles in Hungary: A devastating crisis or business as usual?
Szalavetz, A. (2022) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122029 · Cited by 37
Butollo, F., Staritz, C., Maile, F., & Wuttke, T. (2024) · Critical Sociology · doi:10.1177/08969205241239872 · Cited by 36
An extended approach to value chain analysis
Knez, K., Jaklič, A., & Stare, M. (2021) · Journal of Economic Structures · doi:10.1186/s40008-021-00244-6 · Cited by 35
Baumgartinger-Seiringer, S. (2022) · Regional Studies Regional Science · doi:10.1080/21681376.2022.2081597 · Cited by 34
Lampón, J. F., Pérez-Moure, H., Carballo‐Cruz, F., & Velando-Rodríguez, M.-E. (2024) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102624 · Cited by 33
Elia, S., Munjal, S., & Scalera, V. G. (2020) · Management International Review · doi:10.1007/s11575-020-00419-6 · Cited by 33
Castellani, D., Lamperti, F., & Lavoratori, K. (2022) · Journal of Industrial and Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s40812-021-00204-y · Cited by 35
Lithium, Brexit and Global Britain: Onshoring battery production networks in the UK
Bridge, G., & Faigen, E. (2023) · The Extractive Industries and Society · doi:10.1016/j.exis.2023.101328 · Cited by 31
Molnár, E., Kozma, G., Mészáros, M., & Kiss, É. (2020) · Hungarian Geographical Bulletin · doi:10.15201/hungeobull.69.2.4 · Cited by 30
The future of the automotive industry: dangerous challenges or new life for a saturated market?
Simonazzi, A., Sanginés, J. C., & Russo, M. (2020) · doi:10.36687/inetwp141 · Cited by 30
Competitive dynamics of lead firms and their systems suppliers in the automotive industry
Yeung, G. K.-Y. (2023) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1177/0308518x231202390 · Cited by 28
The impact of European Cohesion Policy: a spatial perspective
Amendolagine, V., Prota, F., & Serlenga, L. (2024) · Journal of Economic Geography · doi:10.1093/jeg/lbae006 · Cited by 27
Cieślik, E. (2021) · Journal of the Knowledge Economy · doi:10.1007/s13132-021-00814-w · Cited by 27
Květoň, V., & Kadlec, V. (2018) · European Planning Studies · doi:10.1080/09654313.2018.1464128 · Cited by 26
Automotive regions in transition: Preparing for connected and automated vehicles
Trippl, M., Baumgartinger-Seiringer, S., Goracinova, E., & Wolfe, D. A. (2021) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1177/0308518x20987233 · Cited by 26
Innovation and foreign direct investment attraction in developing countries
Tu, N. A. (2024) · Cogent Economics & Finance · doi:10.1080/23322039.2024.2312386 · Cited by 25
Revisiting economic geography and foreign direct investment in less developed regions
Pavlínek, P. (2022) · Geography Compass · doi:10.1111/gec3.12617 · Cited by 30
Self-citationThe North-South divide: Sources of divergence, policies for convergence
Fanti, L., Pereira, M. C., & Virgillito, M. E. (2022) · Journal of Policy Modeling · doi:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2022.10.007 · Cited by 24
Azmeh, S., Nguyen, H. G., & Kuhn, M. (2022) · Structural Change and Economic Dynamics · doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2022.09.006 · Cited by 24
Chen, X., Wang, E., Miao, C., Ji, L., & Pan, S. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12072848 · Cited by 24
Russo, M., Alboni, F., Sanginés, J. C., Domenico, M. D., Mangioni, G., Righi, S., & Simonazzi, A. (2023) · Structural Change and Economic Dynamics · doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2023.07.006 · Cited by 20
Qamar, A., Gardner, E. C., Buckley, T. R., & Zhao, K. (2019) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2019.101657 · Cited by 19
Szalavetz, A., & Sass, M. (2023) · Post-Communist Economies · doi:10.1080/14631377.2023.2171179 · Cited by 19
Analysis of the transition to electric vehicles in Europe from a core-periphery approach
Gracia, M., Antolín, M. J. P., & Rísquez, M. (2024) · Structural Change and Economic Dynamics · doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2024.03.010 · Cited by 18
Lopes‐Valença, H. (2024) · JCMS Journal of Common Market Studies · doi:10.1111/jcms.13664 · Cited by 17
Upgrading in the Automotive Periphery: Turkey's Battery Electric Vehicle Maker Togg
Mordue, G., & Sener, E. (2022) · Development and Change · doi:10.1111/dech.12713 · Cited by 17
The embrace and resistance of Chinese battery investments in Hungary: The case of CATL
Wu, Q. (2024) · Asia Europe Journal · doi:10.1007/s10308-024-00699-9 · Cited by 17
Cieślik, E. (2021) · Manufacturing Letters · doi:10.1016/j.mfglet.2021.02.001 · Cited by 14
Akpinar, M. (2020) · Competitiveness Review An International Business Journal incorporating Journal of Global Competitiveness · doi:10.1108/cr-12-2018-0082 · Cited by 10
Polloni‐Silva, E., Moralles, H. F., Rebelatto, D. A. D. N., & Hartmann, D. (2020) · Growth and Change · doi:10.1111/grow.12484 · Cited by 16
Lampón, J. F., Carballo‐Cruz, F., & Velando-Rodríguez, M.-E. (2024) · Kybernetes · doi:10.1108/k-02-2024-0447 · Cited by 13
The Commodity and Its Aftermarkets: Products as Unfinished Business
Warren, A., & Gibson, C. (2021) · Economic Geography · doi:10.1080/00130095.2021.1939007 · Cited by 13
Strengthening FDI and SME Linkages in the Slovak Republic
OECD (2022) · OECD eBooks · doi:10.1787/972046f5-en · Cited by 12
Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Automotive Supply Chain Disruptions: A Literature Review
Jebbor, I., Hachimi, H., & Benmamoun, Z. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-95330-9_2 · Cited by 12
Toxic pollution and labour markets: uncovering Europe’s left-behind places
Bez, C. S., & Virgillito, M. E. (2024) · Review of Regional Research · doi:10.1007/s10037-024-00215-x · Cited by 12
The limits of foreign-led growth: Demand for skills by foreign and domestic firms
Drahokoupil, J., & Fabo, B. (2020) · Review of International Political Economy · doi:10.1080/09692290.2020.1802323 · Cited by 19
Electric vehicle policy in Thailand: Limitations of product champions
Schröder, M. (2021) · Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy · doi:10.1080/13547860.2021.1945993 · Cited by 11
The opening of Central and Eastern European countries to free trade: A critical assessment
Kuc-Czarnecka, M. E., Saltelli, A., Olczyk, M., & Reinert, E. S. (2021) · Structural Change and Economic Dynamics · doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2021.04.005 · Cited by 11
Acquaye, A. A., Yamoah, F. A., Ibn‐Mohammed, T., Quaye, E., & Yawson, D. E. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su151914550 · Cited by 13
Trade Effects of the EU–South Korea Free Trade Agreement in the Automotive Industry
Juust, M., Vahter, P., & Varblane, U. (2020) · Journal of East-West Business · doi:10.1080/10669868.2020.1732511 · Cited by 10
Canello, J., & Vidoli, F. (2022) · Regional Studies · doi:10.1080/00343404.2022.2054977 · Cited by 10
Lamperti, F. (2024) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123627 · Cited by 10
Industrial policy and automotive development: a comparative study of Thailand and Czechia
Natsuda, K., Thoburn, J. T., Blažek, J., & Otsuka, K. (2020) · Eurasian Geography and Economics · doi:10.1080/15387216.2020.1836983 · Cited by 9
Minárik, M., Zábojník, S., & Pásztorová, J. (2022) · Central European Business Review · doi:10.18267/j.cebr.301 · Cited by 9
New Path Development in a Semi-peripheral Auto Region: The Case of Ontario
Goracinova, E., & Wolfe, D. A. (2023) · Economic Geography · doi:10.1080/00130095.2023.2212902 · Cited by 8
Teixeira, T. R. A. (2021) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/03091325211050060 · Cited by 8
Global value chains and knowledge spillover to local economy in Visegrad 4 countries
Otsuka, K., Natsuda, K., & Csonka, L. N. (2023) · Society and Economy · doi:10.1556/204.2023.00010 · Cited by 7
Thunyachairat, A., Jangkrajarng, V., & Theeranuphattana, A. (2024) · Production Engineering Archives · doi:10.30657/pea.2024.30.27 · Cited by 7
From Rust to High-Tech Hubs: FDI-Led Upgrading of Urban Economies in East Central Europe
Medve‐Bálint, G. (2024) · Studies in Comparative International Development · doi:10.1007/s12116-024-09433-3 · Cited by 7
Blažek, J., & Holická, Z. (2022) · Area · doi:10.1111/area.12819 · Cited by 7
Contrasting patterns and dynamics of patent offshoring in European regions
Kadlec, V., Květoň, V., Vlčková, J., Blažek, J., & Horák, P. (2022) · The Journal of Technology Transfer · doi:10.1007/s10961-022-09968-4 · Cited by 7
Ye, S., & Cao, M. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15065011 · Cited by 7
Květoň, V., & Šafr, K. (2019) · European Planning Studies · doi:10.1080/09654313.2019.1576591 · Cited by 7
Frontier Technologies in Non-Core Automotive Regions: Autonomous Vehicle R&D in Canada
Mordue, G., & Karmally, D. (2020) · Canadian Public Policy · doi:10.3138/cpp.2019-015 · Cited by 7
The realities of EU industrial policies analysed through automotive value chain dynamics
Megyeri, E., Pelle, A., & Tabajdi, G. (2023) · Society and Economy · doi:10.1556/204.2023.00005 · Cited by 6
Rhoden, I., Ball, C. S., Grajewski, M., Vögele, S., & Kuckshinrichs, W. (2023) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2023.113352 · Cited by 6
Middle-Technology Trap: The Case of Automotive Industry in Turkey
Akçomak, İ. S., & Bürken, S. (2020) · Palgrave studies in democracy, innovation, and entrepreneurship for growth · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51995-7_11 · Cited by 8
Economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the automobile industry
Radić, N., Radić, V., & Mirjana, S. (2020) · Oditor - casopis za Menadzment finansije i pravo · doi:10.5937/oditor2003055r · Cited by 6
Szerkezeti változások és függőségek : Magyarország helyzete a globális értékláncokban
Braun, E., & Sebestyén, T. (2025) · Közgazdasági Szemle · doi:10.18414/ksz.2025.9-10.805 · Cited by 5
Transition to electric vehicles and the location of key battery-related activities
Lampón, J. F., Crespo-Velando, M. Á., Rodríguez-Domínguez, M. D. M., & Pérez-Moure, H. (2026) · Journal of Innovation & Knowledge · doi:10.1016/j.jik.2026.100951 · Cited by 6
Berardino, C. D., Doganieri, I., D’Angelo, S., & Onesti, G. (2022) · Metroeconomica · doi:10.1111/meca.12408 · Cited by 5
Rusnák, J., Korec, P., & Plešivčák, M. (2023) · Geografický časopis - Geographical Journal · doi:10.31577/geogrcas.2023.75.3.15 · Cited by 5
Impacto de la industria automotriz en el desarrollo del Bajío en México
Campos-Vázquez, R. M., & Campos-Ortiz, G. A. (2023) · Problemas del Desarrollo Revista Latinoamericana de Economía · doi:10.22201/iiec.20078951e.2023.213.69963 · Cited by 5
Fuller, C. (2021) · European Urban and Regional Studies · doi:10.1177/0969776421989401 · Cited by 5
Supplemental reindustrialisation in hungary: Transcending the development trap
Lux, G. (2025) · Regional Science Policy & Practice · doi:10.1016/j.rspp.2025.100260 · Cited by 5
The role of FDI in building integrated resilience of regional development during economic crises
Bernat, M., Łukaniszyn-Domaszewska, K., Romaniuk, U., & Szewczyk, M. (2025) · Economics and Environment · doi:10.34659/eis.2024.91.4.987 · Cited by 4
Lim, K. F., & Fu, W. (2026) · Journal of Economic Geography · doi:10.1093/jeg/lbag018 · Cited by 4
Fanti, L., Pereira, M. C., & Virgillito, M. E. (2024) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dtae007 · Cited by 4
Rusnák, J., Bučeková, N., & Bučeková, I. (2024) · Post-Communist Economies · doi:10.1080/14631377.2024.2381884 · Cited by 4
Optimization of Automotive Wire Harness Production Process Based on Lean Manufacturing
Liu, W., & Lu, S. (2023) · International Conference on Engineering Management and Information Science (EMIS) · doi:10.4108/eai.24-2-2023.2330620 · Cited by 4
Xu, J., Yang, Y., Zhang, Y., & Man, S. (2023) · Geography and sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.geosus.2023.11.003 · Cited by 4
Berardino, C. D., D’Angelo, S., & Sarra, A. (2025) · Cambridge Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/cje/beaf022 · Cited by 4
Global production networks: A geographical review of a research tradition
Gyuris, F., Borbély, G., & Kocsi, V. A. (2025) · Hungarian Geographical Bulletin · doi:10.15201/hungeobull.74.3.5 · Cited by 4
Spatial patterns and time-accessibility of supplier network of the automotive industry in Slovakia
Rusnák, J., Ďurček, P., Takáč, M., & Óvári, K. (2022) · Geographia Polonica · doi:10.7163/gpol.0232 · Cited by 4
‘Space-time dents’ in global value chains – The Hungarian case
Gáspár, T., & Sass, M. (2023) · Society and Economy · doi:10.1556/204.2023.00020 · Cited by 4
Ocena wpływu pandemii COVID-19 na sytuację w branży motoryzacyjnej w Polsce
Stojczew, K. (2021) · Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society · doi:10.24917/20801653.352.5 · Cited by 4
An empirical study of enterprise investment relationship networks in China
Jiang, L., Wang, J., Li, C., Jin, Y., & Xu, Y. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-05969-4 · Cited by 3
Turienzo, J., Rodríguez, F. C., & Giménez, E. L. (2025) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.102100 · Cited by 3
Jipa-Muşat, I., Campling, L., & Prevezer, M. (2024) · Journal of Economic Geography · doi:10.1093/jeg/lbae051 · Cited by 5
Kumar, A., & Agarwal, M. (2023) · THE SCIENTIFIC TEMPER · doi:10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.2.03 · Cited by 3
Molnár, E., Nagy, C., & Kiss, É. (2025) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104368 · Cited by 2
Changing Lanes? Exploring Mergers and Acquisitions in the Global Auto Sector Through GPN 2.0
Keenan, L., Monteath, T., & Wójcik, D. (2025) · Global Networks · doi:10.1111/glob.70028 · Cited by 2
Multi-dimensional proximity in global production networks: nearshoring to Central and Eastern Europe
Sessa, E. (2025) · Eurasian Geography and Economics · doi:10.1080/15387216.2025.2603585 · Cited by 2
Interregional collaboration and the internationalisation of place-based innovation policy
Boschma, R. A., Iammarino, S., & Olechnicka, A. (2026) · Journal of International Business Policy · doi:10.1057/s42214-026-00242-0 · Cited by 2
Tagai, G., & Kronstein, B. (2026) · Hungarian Geographical Bulletin · doi:10.15201/hungeobull.75.2.4 · Cited by 2
What drives the change? Critical junctures in the Beeronomics of Bavaria and Czechia
Sommer, C., Paul, H., & Chilla, T. (2026) · Contemporary Social Science · doi:10.1080/21582041.2026.2679513 · Cited by 2
Jarolímek, J., Legáth, Ľ., & Urban, P. (2019) · Central European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.21101/cejph.a5848 · Cited by 2
Foreign direct investment: robustness analysis of an attractiveness index
Zambujal‐Oliveira, J., & Amaral, J. (2022) · International Transactions in Operational Research · doi:10.1111/itor.13201 · Cited by 2
Spillover effects: A challenging public interest to measure
Kotíková, S. (2023) · National Accounting Review · doi:10.3934/nar.2023022 · Cited by 4
Almansi, B. P. (2023) · H-Industria · doi:10.56503/h-industria/n.32(17)pp.129-156 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Pavlínek, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Nebraska at Omaha (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pavlínek, Petr
- ORCID
- Pavlínek, Petr
- Venue
- Economic Geography
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-12-06
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 141-165
- ISSN
- 0013-0095 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8287
- OpenAlex
- W2772705684
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 11.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Economic Geography (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DigitalCommons@UNO (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Grantová Agentura České Republiky (16-21076S)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › International Business and FDI
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Global trade, sustainability, and social impact
- Social Sciences › Development › Regional Development and Innovation
- Keywords
- foreign direct investment, supplier linkages, automotive industry, global production networks, uneven development, strategic coupling, regional development, Slovakia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review