Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 44Human-Automation Interaction and SafetySafety Warnings and SignageMultisensory perception and integration

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Integrating multiple information sources: using redundancy in the design of warnings

SELCON, S. J., TAYLOR, R. M., McKENNA, F. P.·1995·Ergonomics
DOI 10.1080/00140139508925273
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The ability to present high priority warning information in both the auditory and visual modalities simultaneously has required consideration to be given to their integration. This paper describes an experiment that examined whether performance gains could be achieved by the presentation of up to four sources of concurrent, congruent information, within the applied setting of aircraft Missile Approach Warnings (MAW). It was found that four sources of information produced significantly faster responses than three sources (p<0-01). Three sources of information produced significantly faster responses than two sources (p<001) of information. Two sources of information, in turn, produced significantly faster responses ( p <001) than single sources. The implications of these results for the design of time-critical warning systems are discussed.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/00140139508925273

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Citations

Cites

Still being checked.

Research works printed but not linked: 15

  1. 10.1037/0033-295X.97.3.332 · DOI
  2. 10.1037/h0035245 · DOI
  3. 10.2307/1128808 · DOI
  4. 10.1016/0010-0285(70)90016-2 · DOI
  5. 10.1037/h0028512 · DOI
  6. 10.1016/0010-0285(80)90019-5 · DOI
  7. 10.3109/03005368709077786 · DOI
  8. 10.1038/264746a0 · DOI · Paper page
  9. 10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.163 · DOI · Paper page
  10. 10.3758/BF03210661 · DOI
  11. RUMELHARDT D. E., 1986, Parallel Distributed Processing Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition, 1, 10.7551/mitpress/5236.001.0001 · DOI · Paper page
  12. SELCON S. J., 1991, Human Resource Management in Aviation, 139
  13. SELCON S.J., 1992, in Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting, 1, 57
  14. 10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.127 · DOI · Paper page
  15. WICKENS C. D., 1984, Engineering Psychology and Human Performance

Cited by

See all 44

Metadata

Authors
SELCON, S. J., TAYLOR, R. M., & McKENNA, F. P.
Affiliations
University of Reading (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Ergonomics
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
1995-11
Volume
38
Issue
11
Pages
2362-2370
ISSN
  • 0014-0139 (ISSN-L)
  • 1366-5847
DOI
10.1080/00140139508925273
OpenAlex
W2052586927
Cited by
44
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
FWCI
2.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Ergonomics (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
  • Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Safety Warnings and Signage
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
Keywords
warning system design, audiovisual integration, reaction time (psychology)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Integrating multiple information sources: using redundancy in the design of warnings. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/00140139508925273
The paper
SELCON, S. J., TAYLOR, R. M., & McKENNA, F. P. (1995). Integrating multiple information sources: using redundancy in the design of warnings. Ergonomics. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139508925273