Playfulness, Play, and Creativity: A Path Analytic Model
Abstract
Summary This study was undertaken to test a model that playfulness is evident in play which affects creativity. Thirty kindergarten boys and girls were allowed 10 minutes to play and then given a battery of creativity tests. Observers recorded their behavior during play and rated them on the Playfulness Scale. Cluster analysis of these variables resulted in six clusters: playfulness-intelligence, playfulness-fun, shifts, complexity, verbal creativity, and nonverbal creativity. Submission of these clusters to path analysis revealed good fit between predicted and observed correlations. Playfulness-intelligence and playfulness-fun were highly related. Playfulness-intelligence had highly positive effects on the shifts and complexity clusters; playfulness-fun had moderately negative effects. Coefficients from the shifts and complexity clusters to the creativity clusters were near zero. Results suggest that there are two parts to the Playfulness Scale and that these parts reflect the cognitive and affective aspects of play.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There are data towards a positive relation between playfulness and divergent thinking.
“There are also data towards a positive relation between playfulness and divergent thinking (e.g., Barnett and Kleiber 1982;Truhon 1983).”
From The virtuousness of adult playfulness: the relation of playfulness with strengths of character (2011) · cites this paper as Truhon 1983
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The virtuousness of adult playfulness: the relation of playfulness with strengths of character
Proyer, R. T., & Ruch, W. (2011) · Psychology of Well-Being: Theory, Research and Practice · doi:10.1186/2211-1522-1-4 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“There are also data towards a positive relation between playfulness and divergent thinking (e.g., Barnett and Kleiber 1982; Truhon 1983).”
Background
- Authors
- Truhon, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Valparaiso University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Truhon, Stephen A.
- Venue
- The Journal of Genetic Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1983-09
- Volume
- 143
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 19-28
- ISSN
- 0022-1325 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-0896
- OpenAlex
- W1980206229
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Genetic Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychological and Educational Research Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Keywords
- playfulness, play, creativity, kindergarten children, verbal creativity, nonverbal creativity, intelligence, shifts, complexity, play behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
