The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The effects of locus of control and task difficulty on procrastination.
Abstract
The authors investigated the effects of locus of control expectancies and task difficulty on procrastination. Forty-two college students were administered an academic locus of control scale and a task that was similar to a typical college homework assignment. The students were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 task difficulty levels. Although none of the results involving task difficulty was significant, several results involving locus of control were significant. Specifically, analyses revealed that students with internal locus of control expectancies tended to begin working on the assignment sooner than students with external locus of control expectancies. In addition, students with internal locus of control completed and returned the assignment sooner than students with external locus of control. The results are discussed within the context of J. B. Rotter's (1966, 1975, 1982) social learning theory.
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“Indeed, procrastination research demonstrates that external control is associated with increased procrastination (e.g., Janssen and Carton, 1999).”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Janssen and Carton, 1999
Citations
Cites
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Academic procrastination in college students: the role of self-reported executive function.
Rabin, L. A., Fogel, J., & Nutter-Upham, K. E. (2011) · Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2010.518597 · Cited by 434
“Approximately 30% to 60% of undergraduate students report regular postponement of educational tasks including studying for exams, writing term papers, and reading weekly assignments, to the point at which optimal performance becomes highly unlikely ( Ellis & Knaus, 1977 ; Janssen & Carton, 1999 ; Kachgal, Hansen, & Nu…”
BackgroundFeedback on assessment: students’ perceptions of quality and effectiveness
Lizzio, A., & Wilson, K. L. (2008) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/02602930701292548 · Cited by 345
My instructor made me do it: task characteristics of procrastination.
Ackerman, D. S., & Gross, B. L. (2005) · Journal of Marketing Education · doi:10.1177/0273475304273842 · Cited by 234
“Various studies have found procrastination to affect 50% to 95% of undergraduate students (cf. Janssen and Carton 1999; Kachgal, Hansen, and Nutter 2001; Pychyl et al. 2000; Pychyl, Morin, and Salmon 2000).”
BackgroundMethodAkinsola, M. K., Tella, A., & Tella, A. (2007) · EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education · doi:10.12973/ejmste/75415 · Cited by 184
How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations
Svartdal, F., Dahl, T. I., Gamst-Klaussen, T., Koppenborg, M., & Klingsieck, K. B. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.540910 · Cited by 159
Metadata
- Authors
- Janssen, T., & Carton, J. S.
- Affiliations
- Beloit College (US)
- Oglethorpe University (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Genetic Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1999-12
- Volume
- 160
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 436-442
- ISSN
- 0022-1325 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-0896
- OpenAlex
- W2076980316
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Genetic Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Keywords
- procrastination, locus of control, task difficulty, internal locus of control, external locus of control, academic performance, homework completion, social learning theory, university students
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Students, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Young Adult
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