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Girlie Girls and Manly Men: Chidren's Stigma Consciousness of Gender in Sports and Physical Activities
Abstract
Despite efforts toward equality, social rules of gender play a prominent role in leisure especially within the sport and physical activity arena. Recreational and organized sports are common leisure pursuits among children. From an early age, children show signs of recognizing “appropriate” gendered behavior and activities. The goal of this study was to assess the degree to which children are aware of social stereotypes of gender in sport and physical activity and how their awareness affects their participation choices. Results of the study indicate that in terms of gender stereotypes girls experience greater social latitude in their sport participation than boys. The findings suggest support for further investigations into the effects of gender stigmas on boys' participation and experiences in sport and physical activity.
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“Existing stereotypes can be very difficult for females in sport to overcome [53, 60].”
From Barriers to voluntary participation in sport for children: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [60]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pachankis, J. E., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Wang, K., Burton, C. L., Crawford, F. W., Phelan, J. C., & Link, B. G. (2018) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167217741313 · Cited by 246
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“Existing stereotypes can be very difficult for females in sport to overcome [53, 60].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schmalz, D. L., & Kerstetter, D. L.
- Affiliations
- Clemson University (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Leisure Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 536-557
- ISSN
- 0022-2216 (ISSN-L)
- 2159-6417
- OpenAlex
- W1523962113
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 11.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Leisure Research (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sports, Gender, and Society
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management › Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management
- Social Sciences › Education › Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport
- Keywords
- gender stereotypes, children's sport participation, gender stigma, gendered leisure, physical activity, gendered behavior, gender differences in sport
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