The Burden of Stigma on Health and Well-Being: A Taxonomy of Concealment, Course, Disruptiveness, Aesthetics, Origin, and Peril Across 93 Stigmas

Pachankis, John E.; Hatzenbuehler, Mark L.; Wang, Katie; Burton, Charles L.; Crawford, Forrest W.; Phelan, Jo C.; Link, Bruce G.

doi:10.1177/0146167217741313

Cited by 246Social and Intergroup PsychologyMental Health Treatment and AccessRacial and Ethnic Identity Research

The Burden of Stigma on Health and Well-Being: A Taxonomy of Concealment, Course, Disruptiveness, Aesthetics, Origin, and Peril Across 93 Stigmas

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Pachankis, John E., Hatzenbuehler, Mark L., Wang, Katie, Burton, Charles L., Crawford, Forrest W., Phelan, Jo C., Link, Bruce G.·2018·Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

DOI 10.1177/0146167217741313PMC PMC5837924

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Abstract

Most individuals are stigmatized at some point. However, research often examines stigmas separately, thus underestimating the overall impact of stigma and precluding comparisons across stigmatized identities and conditions. In their classic text, Social Stigma: The Psychology of Marked Relationships, Edward Jones and colleagues laid the groundwork for unifying the study of different stigmas by considering the shared dimensional features of stigmas: aesthetics, concealability, course, disruptiveness, origin, peril. Despite the prominence of this framework, no study has documented the extent to which stigmas differ along these dimensions, and the implications of this variation for health and well-being. We reinvigorated this framework to spur a comprehensive account of stigma’s impact by classifying 93 stigmas along these dimensions. With the input of expert and general public raters, we then located these stigmas in a six-dimensional space and created discrete clusters organized around these dimensions. Next, we linked this taxonomy to health and stigma-related mechanisms. This quantitative taxonomy offers parsimonious insights into the relationship among the numerous qualities of numerous stigmas and health.

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Implicit and explicit bias against people with obesity is widespread among physicians, nurses, students, and nutritionists.
“Implicit and explicit bias against people with obesity is widespread among physicians, nurses, students, and nutritionists,”
From Effectiveness and safety of drugs for obesity (2024) · cites this paper as [63]
The General Discussion (page unavailable) identifies obesity as a commonly endorsed stigmatized status, but that describes participants’ statuses, not bias among healthcare professionals. Searches for implicit and explicit obesity bias and for physicians, nurses, students, and nutritionists found no passage assessing its prevalence in those groups. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Challenges and opportunities in examining and addressing intersectional stigma and health
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Ableism Special Issue Introduction
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Structural stigma and sexual minority men’s depression and suicidality: A multilevel examination of mechanisms and mobility across 48 countries.
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Stigma Associated with COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers in Indonesia
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What Elephant? Pedagogical Approaches to Addressing Stigma Toward Mental Disorders in Undergraduate Public Health Education
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The Role of Gay-Related Stigma in HIV-Risk Behavior Among Sexual Minority Men in Europe
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Rai, S. S., Irwanto, I., Peters, R. M. H., Syurina, E. V., Putri, A. I., Mikhakhanova, A., Naniche, D., & Zweekhorst, M. B. M. (2020) · Kesmas National Public Health Journal · doi:10.21109/kesmas.v15i1.3306 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Characterizing Lifetime and Daily Experiences of Weight Stigma among Sexual Minority Women with Overweight and Obesity: A Descriptive Study
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Food and Water Insecurity in Sexual and Gender Minority Groups Living With HIV in Lagos, Nigeria
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Subjective Identity Concealability and the Consequences of Fearing Identity-Based Judgment
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About face: Memory for transgender versus cisgender targets' facial appearance
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Testing whether the combination of victimization and minority stressors exacerbate PTSD risks in a diverse community sample of sexual minority women
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Legal Remedies to Address Stigma‐Based Health Inequalities in the United States: Challenges and Opportunities
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Stigma and chronic illness: A comparative study of people living with HIV and/or AIDS and people living with hypertension in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Idemudia, E. S., Olasupo, M. O., & Modibo, M. W. (2018) · Curationis · doi:10.4102/curationis.v41i1.1879 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Masquerading their way to authenticity: Does age stigma concealment benefit older women?
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Weight-biased attitudes about pediatric patients with obesity in Dutch healthcare professionals from seven different professions
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"Coming out of the closet about sexual assault": Intersectional sexual assault stigma and (non) disclosure to formal support providers among survivors using Reddit.
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Exploring the associations between muscularity teasing and eating and body image disturbances in Chinese men and women
He, J., Cui, S., Cui, T., Barnhart, W. R., Han, J., Xu, Y., & Nagata, J. M. (2024) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101697 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Effect of ‘lifestyle stigma’ on public support for NHS-provisioned pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and preventative interventions for HPV and type 2 diabetes: a nationwide UK survey
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The Psychosocial Consequences of Sexual Violence Stigma: A Scoping Review
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Stigma and health
(n.d.)
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Authors: Pachankis, J. E., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Wang, K., Burton, C. L., Crawford, F. W., Phelan, J. C., & Link, B. G.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
Columbia University (US)
University of California, Riverside (US)
Corresponding author: Pachankis, John E.
ORCID: Pachankis, John E.
Hatzenbuehler, Mark L.
Wang, Katie
Burton, Charles L.
Crawford, Forrest W.
Phelan, Jo C.
Link, Bruce G.
Venue: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2017-12-31
Volume: 44
Issue: 4
Pages: 451-474
ISSN: 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
1552-7433
DOI: 10.1177/0146167217741313
PMC: PMC5837924
OpenAlex: W2781876295
Cited by: 246
References: 94
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 13 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 34.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH109413, T32MH020031)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (K01DA032558)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (DP2HD091799)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Keywords: stigma, well-being, social stigma
MeSH terms: Adult, Female, Health, Health Status, Humans, Male, Mental Healing, Social Stigma, Self Report

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The Burden of Stigma on Health and Well-Being: A Taxonomy of Concealment, Course, Disruptiveness, Aesthetics, Origin, and Peril Across 93 Stigmas

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