A causal model of adolescent depression.
Abstract
We examined how family strengths, parent-adolescent communication, self-esteem, loneliness, age, and gender interrelate, and how this interaction influences depression in adolescents. The data were collected on a written questionnaire completed by 156 adolescents who were attending public schools in four communities in the midwestern United States. We developed a causal model to explicate the relationships among the variables hypothesized to affect adolescent depression and analyzed the data using path analysis via the LISREL VII program. Results showed a good fit of the model to the data. Loneliness and self-esteem had a direct effect on adolescent depression. Self-esteem had an indirect effect on depression through loneliness. Age directly and indirectly influenced depression through loneliness. Gender was significantly related to depression through self-esteem. Family strengths indirectly affected depression through self-esteem.
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The present study relies on a well-grounded theoretical basis supported by several experimental and longitudinal studies.
“Regarding the strengths of the present study, it relies on a well-grounded theoretical basis supported by several experimental and longitudinal studies (Greenberg et al., 1992; Brage and Meredith, 1994; Pyszczynski et al., 2004; Heinrich and Gullone, 2006).”
From The Anxiety-Buffer Hypothesis in the Time of COVID-19: When Self-Esteem Protects From the Impact of Loneliness and Fear on Anxiety and Depression (2020) · cites this paper as Brage and Meredith, 1994
These results are in line with previous scientific literature highlighting that self-esteem can be a mediator in the relationship between loneliness, anxiety, and depression.
“These results are in line with previous scientific literature highlighting that self-esteem can be a mediator in the relationship between loneliness, anxiety, and depression (Brage and Meredith, 1994; Heinrich and Gullone, 2006; Çivitci and Çivitci, 2009).”
From The Anxiety-Buffer Hypothesis in the Time of COVID-19: When Self-Esteem Protects From the Impact of Loneliness and Fear on Anxiety and Depression (2020) · cites this paper as Brage and Meredith, 1994
Cites
Loneliness at adolescence: correlates, attributions, and coping
Moore, D., & Schultz, N. R. (1983) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf02088307 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
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The clinical significance of loneliness: a literature review
Heinrich, L. M., & Gullone, E. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.04.002 · Cited by 1,986 · see citing works
Preadolescents' and adolescents' online communication and their closeness to friends.
Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2007) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.2.267 · Cited by 870 · see citing works
Deters, F. G., & Mehl, M. R. (2013) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550612469233 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Rossi, A., Panzeri, A., Pietrabissa, G., Manzoni, G. M., Castelnuovo, G., & Mannarini, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02177 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
“Previous studies suggested that self-esteem may impact on loneliness as a reinforcer or a buffer, as instances of influencing the relational competences (Olmstead et al., 1991; Brage and Meredith, 1994; Heinrich and Gullone, 2006).”
BackgroundResultTirto, A. R., & Turnip, S. S. (2019) · HUMANITAS: Indonesian Psychological Journal · doi:10.26555/humanitas.v16i1.10143 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Brage, D., & Meredith, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (US)
- University of Nebraska System (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1994-07
- Volume
- 128
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 455-468
- ISSN
- 0022-3980 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-1019
- OpenAlex
- W2021987779
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Keywords
- adolescent depression, family strengths, parent-adolescent communication, self-esteem, loneliness, age, gender differences, causal models, indirect effects
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Depressive Disorder, Family, Female, Humans, Loneliness, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Self Concept, Sex Factors
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