Impact of Goal and Resource Interdependence on Problem-Solving Success
Abstract
Despite the considerable evidence that cooperation promotes higher individual achievement and greater group productivity than do competitive or individualistic situations, there are conditions under which the opposite may be true. The relative impact of positive goal interdependence and positive resource interdependence on individual achievement and group productivity in a computer-assisted problem-solving task was investigated. Forty-four Black American high school seniors and college freshmen, stratified for ability, sex, and urban or rural background, were randomly assigned to conditions. Positive goal interdependence promoted higher individual achievement and group productivity than did no goal interdependence. The combination of positive goal and resource interdependence promoted higher individual achievement and group productivity than did any of the other conditions, indicating that two sources of positive interdependence are more powerful than one. When used in isolation from positive goal interdependence, positive resource interdependence produced the lowest individual achievement and problem-solving success.
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For a group to carry out a learning task, not all group members need to possess all necessary knowledge, or process all available information alone and at the same time.
“For a group to carry out a learning task, not all group members need to possess all necessary knowledge, or process all available information alone and at the same time (Johnson et al. 1989;Langfred 2000;Ortiz et al. 1996;Wegner 1987Wegner , 1995)).”
From Making the Black Box of Collaborative Learning Transparent: Combining Process-Oriented and Cognitive Load Approaches (2010) · cites this paper as Johnson et al. 1989
Cites
Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1961
Whitehorn, J. C. (1963) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.119.9.904 · Cited by 2,361 · see citing works
Johnson, D. W., Maruyama, G., Johnson, R., Nelson, D., & Skon, L. (1981) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.89.1.47 · Cited by 1,588 · see citing works
Self-citationAronson, E. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003106760-7 · Cited by 1,391 · see citing works
Lew, M., Mesch, D. J., Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1986) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312023003476 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationLew, M., Mesch, D. J., Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1986) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/0361-476x(86)90019-6 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaluation of Jigsaw, a cooperative learning technique
Moskowitz, J. M., Malvin, J. H., Schaeffer, G. A., et al. (1985) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/0361-476x(85)90011-6 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Isolated Teenagers, Cooperative Learning, and the Training of Social Skills
Mesch, D. J., Lew, M., Johnson, D. W., et al. (1986) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.1986.9712630 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaluation of a Cooperative Learning Strategy
Moskowitz, J. M., Malvin, J. H., Schaeffer, G. A., et al. (1983) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312020004687 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
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Restructuring the Classroom: Conditions for Productive Small Groups
Cohen, E. G. (1994) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543064001001 · Cited by 2,120 · see citing works
Janssen, J., Kirschner, F., Erkens, G., Kirschner, P. A., & Paas, F. (2010) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-010-9131-x · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Buchs, C., & Butera, F. (2009) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/bf03173007 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
- Authors
- Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Stanne, M. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1989-10
- Volume
- 129
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 621-629
- ISSN
- 0022-4545 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-1183
- OpenAlex
- W1974368612
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- goal interdependence, resource interdependence, positive interdependence, cooperation, competition, personal accomplishment, team productivity, problem solving, computer problem solving, high school students, university students, African Americans
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