Cited by 109Child Abuse and TraumaMilitary, Security, and Education StudiesPosttraumatic Stress Disorder Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 86 of the 86 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Child Sexual Abuse: A Model of Chronic Trauma

Putnam, Frank W., Trickett, Penelope K.·1993·Psychiatry

DOI 10.1080/00332747.1993.11024623

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Although there is a general consensus among concerned professionals that exposure to community violence is likely to be stressful and may contribute significantly to immediate and long-term mental health problems, there is virtually no empirical research on either its acute or enduring effects. In the absence of data, investigators planning research in this area must look to other studies of the impact of chronic environmental trauma on children, including the effects of war and child maltreatment. Research on child abuse provides an important source of information on the effects of trauma on children because it draws on both prospective and retrospective studies crossing a variety of theoretical perspectives and disciplines. The existence of data on both the acute impact of abuse on children and its chronic effects and outcomes in adults informs the generation of developmentally based psychological and biological hypotheses. This paper utilizes data from research on the acute and chronic effects of sexual abuse to discuss three broad hypotheses that may be relevant to the study of the effects of community violence on children.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/00332747.1993.11024623

Cites

86 of 86 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
Dunton, W. R. (1944) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.100.6.45 · Cited by 3,837
Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale
BERNSTEIN, E. M., & PUTNAM, F. W. (1986) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198612000-00004 · Cited by 3,793
Self-citation
Impact of child sexual abuse: A review of the research.
Browne, A., & Finkelhor, D. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.66 · Cited by 2,718
Childhood Experience, Interpersonal Development, and Reproductive Strategy: An Evolutionary Theory of Socialization
Belsky, J., Steinberg, L. D., & Draper, P. (1991) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01558.x · Cited by 2,601
Handbook of Adolescent Psychology
Plishka, P. C. (1980) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.137.11.1479 · Cited by 2,229
Childhood Experience, Interpersonal Development, and Reproductive Strategy: An Evolutionary Theory of Socialization
Belsky, J., Steinberg, L., & Draper, P. (1991) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131166 · Cited by 1,780
Sexual abuse in a national survey of adult men and women: Prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors
Finkelhor, D., Hotaling, G., Lewis, I. A., & Smith, C. (1990) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(90)90077-7 · Cited by 1,754
Sexually Victimized Children
Schilmoeller, G. L., & Finkelhor, D. (1980) · Family Relations · doi:10.2307/583868 · Cited by 1,036
Dissociative symptoms in relation to childhood physical and sexual abuse.
Chu, J. A., & Dill, D. L. (1990) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.147.7.887 · Cited by 844
Psychophysiologic assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder imagery in Vietnam combat veterans
Pitman, R. K. (1987) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800230050009 · Cited by 758

Show all 84 references

Research works printed but not linked: 29

1987, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Bowman E. S., 1990, Dissociation, 3
Bryer J. B., 1987, American Journal of Psychiatry, 144
Coons P. M., 1990, Dissociation, 3, 81
Courtouis C., 1979, Victimiology, 4, 337
Donovan D. M., 1990, Healing the Hurt Child
Edwall G. E., 1989, Adolescence, 24, 279
Favazza A. R., 1987, Bodies under Seige: Self-Mutilation in Culture and Psychiatry
Hamburg B. A., 1974, Coping and Adaptation
Kluft R. P., 1985, Childhood Antecedents of Multiple Personality, 167
Loewenstein R. J., 1990, Incest-Related Syndromes of Psychopathology, 75
Meiselman K., 1978, Incest
National Center for Child Abuse and Neglect, 1988, Study of National Incidence and Prevalence of Child Abuse and Neglect: 1988
PERSKY H., 1987, Psychoondroorinology of Human Sexual Behavior
Petersen A. C., 1980, Hand-book of Adolescent Psychology
Peterbon G., 1990, Dissociation, 3, 3
Putnam F. W., 1985, Justice for Children, 1, 6
Putnam F. W., 1988, Dissociation, 1
Riley R. L., 1988, Dissociation, 1
Saplolsky R. M., 1985, Journal of Neuroscience, 5, 1221
Schultz R., 1989, Dissociation, 2, 45
Spiegel D., 1991, American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry
Sroufe L. A., 1984, Approaches to Emotion, 109
Stone M. H., 1990, Incest-Related Syndromes in Adult Psychopathology, 183
1984, Sexually Exploited Children: Service and Research Project
van der Kolk B. A., 1987, Psychological Trauma
Vincent M., 1988, Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 33, 524, 10.1177/070674378803300615 · DOI
Walker E., 1988, American Journal of Psychiatry, 145
Wolff P. h., 1987, The Development of Behavioral States and the Expression of Emotions in Early Infancy

Sorted by citations

Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and adjustment in early adulthood
Fergusson, D. M., Boden, J. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2008) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.12.018 · Cited by 910
Youth exposure to violence: Prevalence, risks and consequences.
Buka, S. L., Betancourt, T. S., Birdthistle, I. J., & Earls, F. J. (2001) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/0002-9432.71.3.298 · Cited by 747
The impact of sexual abuse on female development: Lessons from a multigenerational, longitudinal research study
Trickett, P. K., Noll, J. G., & Putnam, F. W. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000174 · Cited by 601
Self-citation
Assessing Exposure to Violence in Urban Youth
Selner‐O'Hagan, M. B., Kindlon, D., Buka, S. L., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. J. (1998) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00315 · Cited by 518
An Ecological‐Transactional Perspective on Child Maltreatment: Failure of the Average Expectable Environment and Its Influence on Child Development
Cicchetti, D., & Valentino, K. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939406.ch4 · Cited by 481
Childhood sexual abuse and women's substance abuse: national survey findings.
Wilsnack, S. C., Vogeltanz, N. D., Klassen, A. D., & Harris, T. R. (1997) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1997.58.264 · Cited by 456
Early physical and sexual abuse associated with an adverse course of bipolar illness
Leverich, G. S., McElroy, S. L., Suppes, T. M., Keck, P. E., Denicoff, K. D., Nolen, W. A., Altshuler, L. L., Rush, A. J., Kupka, R., Frye, M. A., et al. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01239-2 · Cited by 427
The developmental antecedents of illicit drug use: Evidence from a 25-year longitudinal study
Fergusson, D. M., Boden, J. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2008) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.03.003 · Cited by 308
The victimization of children: A developmental perspective.
David Finkelhor, B. (1995) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0079618 · Cited by 253
The Role of Childhood Interpersonal Trauma in Depersonalization Disorder
Simeon, D., Guralnik, O., Schmeidler, J., Sirof, B., & Knutelska, M. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.7.1027 · Cited by 243
The Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Later Sexual Victimization among Runaway Youth
Tyler, K. A., Hoyt, D. R., Whitbeck, L. B., & Cauce, A. M. (2001) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/1532-7795.00008 · Cited by 211
Child Maltreatment and Adolescent Development
Trickett, P. K., Negriff, S. L., Ji, J., & Peckins, M. K. (2011) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00711.x · Cited by 203
Self-citation
The prevalence and circumstances of child sexual abuse: changes across a decade
Wyatt, G. E., Burns Loeb, T., Solis, B., Vargas Carmona, J., & Romero, G. (1999) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(98)00110-0 · Cited by 193
Interviewing Young Children about Body Touch and Handling
Steward, M. S., Steward, D. S., Farquhar, L. C., Myers, J. E. B., Reinhart, M. A., Welker, J., Joye, N. R., Driskill, J. D., Morgan, J., McGough, L. S., et al. (1996) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1166205 · Cited by 188
Cumulative Risk and Protection Models of Child Maltreatment
Masten, A. S., & Wright, M. O. (1998) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1300/j146v02n01_02 · Cited by 199
Animal defensive reactions as a model for trauma-induced dissociative reactions
Nijenhuis, E. R. S., Vanderlinden, J., & Spinhoven, P. (1998) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1024447003022 · Cited by 182
Patterns of relatedness, depressive symptomatology, and perceived competence in maltreated children.
Toth, S. L., & Cicchetti, D. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.64.1.32 · Cited by 188
Child sexual and physical abuse and alcoholism: a review.
Langeland, W., & Hartgers, C. (1998) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1998.59.336 · Cited by 163
Social support and the relationship between family and community violence exposure and psychopathology among high risk adolescents
Muller, R. T., GOEBEL-FABBRI, A. E., Diamond, T., & Dinklage, D. (2000) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00117-4 · Cited by 137
Gender Differences in the Longitudinal Impact of Exposure to Violence on Mental Health in Urban Youth
Zona, K., & Milan, S. (2011) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-011-9649-3 · Cited by 127
Childhood adversities and psychosocial disorders
Maughan, B., & McCarthy, G. (1997) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011597 · Cited by 122
Predicting the Willingness to Disclose Childhood Sexual Abuse from Measures of Repressive Coping and Dissociative Tendencies
Bonanno, G. A., Noll, J. G., Putnam, F. W., O'Neill, M., & Trickett, P. K. (2003) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559503257066 · Cited by 113
Self-citation
Cultivating resiliency in youth
Bell, C. C. (2001) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(01)00306-8 · Cited by 111
A Conceptual Framework for the Long-Term Psychological Effects of Traumatic Childhood Abuse
Carlson, E. B., Furby, L., Armstrong, J., & Shlaes, J. L. (1997) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559597002003009 · Cited by 115
Shame‐proneness as a diathesis for dissociation in women with histories of childhood sexual abuse
Talbot, J. A., Talbot, N. L., & Tu, X. M. (2004) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/b:jots.0000048959.29766.ae · Cited by 104
The Psychobiology of Childhood Maltreatment
Beilis, M. D. D., & Putnam, F. W. (1994) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30463-2 · Cited by 102
Self-citation
Pharmacologic treatment approaches for children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder
Donnelly, C. L. (2003) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(02)00102-5 · Cited by 94
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Donnelly, C. L., & Amaya-Jackson, L. M. (2002) · Pediatric Drugs · doi:10.2165/00128072-200204030-00003 · Cited by 87
The Relationships Between Childhood Sexual Abuse, Social Anxiety, and Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Women
Feerick, M. M., & Snow, K. L. (2005) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-005-7802-z · Cited by 87
Attributions, World Assumptions, and Recovery from Sexual Assault
Ullman, S. E. (1997) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1300/j070v06n01_01 · Cited by 76
Self-reported health and behavioral problems among adolescent victims of rape in France: Results of a cross-sectional survey
Choquet, M., Darves‐Bornoz, J., Ledoux, S., Manfredi, R., & Hassler, C. (1997) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(97)00044-6 · Cited by 77
Childhood sexual abuse and early menarche: The direction of their relationship and its implications
Zabin, L. S., Emerson, M. R., & Rowland, D. L. (2005) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.07.013 · Cited by 74
The effects of childhood trauma on daily mood lability and comorbid psychopathology in bulimia nervosa
Wonderlich, S. A., Rosenfeldt, S., Crosby, R. D., Mitchell, J. E., Engel, S. G., Smyth, J. M., & Miltenberger, R. G. (2007) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20184 · Cited by 72
Child Sexual Abuse and Criminal Offending: Gender-Specific Effects and the Role of Abuse Characteristics and Other Adverse Outcomes
Papalia, N. L., Ogloff, J. R. P., Cutajar, M. C., & Mullen, P. E. (2018) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559518785779 · Cited by 83
Developmental consequences of child sexual abuse.
Trickett, P. K., & Putnam, F. W. (1998) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10292-002 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Issues in the Developmental Neurobiology of Traumatic Stress
Pynoos, R. S., Steinberg, A. M., Ornitz, E. M., & Goenjian, A. K. (1997) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48278.x · Cited by 67
The efficacy of group treatment for survivors of childhood abuse
Westbury, E., & Tutty, L. M. (1999) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(98)00109-4 · Cited by 66
The interactive relationship among adolescent violence, street violence, and depression
Latzman, R. D., & Swisher, R. R. (2005) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.20051 · Cited by 65
The Victimization of Children and Youth
David Finkelhor, B., & Hashima, P. Y. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1289-9_4 · Cited by 67
Somatic Complaints in Children and Community Violence Exposure
Bailey, B., Delaney‐Black, V., Hannigan, J. H., Ager, J. W., Sokol, R. J., & Covington, C. Y. (2005) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-200510000-00001 · Cited by 63
Protecting children from the dangers of urban poverty.
Kiser, L. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.07.004 · Cited by 53
Childhood psychosocial adversity and female reproductive timing: a cohort study of the ALSPAC mothers
Magnus, M. C., Anderson, E. L., Howe, L. D., Joinson, C. J., Penton‐Voak, I. S., & Fraser, A. (2017) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2017-209488 · Cited by 56
Antinuclear antibodies and thyroid function in sexually abused girls
Bellis, M. D. D., Burke, L. P., Trickett, P. K., & Putnam, F. W. (1996) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1007/bf02110669 · Cited by 47
Self-citation
Sexual abuse, pubertal timing, and subjective age in adolescent girls: A research note
Turner, P. K., Runtz, M., & Galambos, N. L. (1999) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646839908409091 · Cited by 46
Developmental Psychopathology
Cicchetti, D. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470880166.hlsd002014 · Cited by 46
Differences in Dissociative Experiences Between Survivors of Childhood Incest and Survivors of Assault in Adulthood
Zlotnick, C., Shea, M. T., Pearlstein, T. B., Begin, A., Simpson, E. B., & Costello, E. (1996) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199601000-00009 · Cited by 41
Impact of a history of physical and sexual abuse in eating disordered and asymptomatic subjects
Favaro, A., Grave, R. D., & Santonastaso, P. (1998) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb10015.x · Cited by 42
The Toll of Child Maltreatment on the Developing Child: Insights from Developmental Psychopathology
Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (1994) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30469-3 · Cited by 41
Child sexual abuse and the propensity to engage in criminal behaviour: A critical review and examination of moderating factors
Papalia, N. L., Luebbers, S., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2018) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2018.10.007 · Cited by 46
Utilizing disclosure in the treatment of the sequelae of childhood sexual abuse
Bradley, R. G., & Follingstad, D. R. (2001) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(00)00077-5 · Cited by 37
Childhood adversity and accelerated reproductive events: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ding, W.-Q., Yuxiang, X., Kondracki, A. J., & Sun, Y. (2023) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2023.10.005 · Cited by 36
Female Sexual Offenders
Cortoni, F. A., & Stefanov, G. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119439325.ch16 · Cited by 33
Children, Adolescents, and Families Exposed to Torture and Related Trauma
Pynoos, R. S., Kinzie, J. D., & Gordon, M. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1295-0_14 · Cited by 30
Children's Perceptions of Violence: The Nature, Extent and Impact of their Experiences
Carroll-Lind, J. (2009) · Cited by 26
Children witnessing domestic violence
Dodaj, A. (2020) · Journal of Children s Services · doi:10.1108/jcs-04-2019-0023 · Cited by 39
Women sexually abused as children: The centrality of shame issues and treatment implications.
Talbot, N. L. (1996) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/0033-3204.33.1.11 · Cited by 28
Neurobiological Disturbances in Youth with Childhood Trauma and in Youth with Conduct Disorder
Lipschitz, D. S., Morgan, C. A., & Southwick, S. M. (2002) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1300/j146v06n01_08 · Cited by 27
Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse Diagnosed with Cancer
Gallo-Silver, L. P., & Weiner, M. O. (2006) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1300/j077v24n01_08 · Cited by 27
Recovered memory of childhood sexual trauma: A documented case from a longitudinal study
Duggal, S., & Sroufe, L. A. (1998) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1024403220769 · Cited by 22
Theoretical Perspectives on the Health Problems of Adults Who Experienced Childhood Sexual Abuse
Hulme, P. A. (2004) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840490432899 · Cited by 23
Female Sexual Offenders
Cortoni, F. A., & Gannon, T. A. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119990420.ch3 · Cited by 19
Coping Behaviour, Posttraumatic Growth and Psychological Well-Being in Women with Childhood Sexual Abuse
Walker-Williams, H. J., van Eeden, C., & der Merwe, K. V. (2013) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2013.10820622 · Cited by 22
The Mental Health Needs of Female Sexual Offenders
Rousseau, M., & Cortoni, F. A. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9780470666715.ch5 · Cited by 18
The Intergenerational Transmission of Violence and Dissociation
Yeager, C. A., & Lewis, D. O. (1996) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30373-0 · Cited by 17
The Recovered Memory Controversy: A Representative Case Study
Colangelo, J. J. (2009) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538710802584601 · Cited by 16
Single women’s sexualities across the life course: The role of major events, transitions, and turning points
Miller, L. R. (2020) · Sexualities · doi:10.1177/1363460720922754 · Cited by 16
Dealing with Stress and Trauma in Families
Kiser, L. J., Ostoja, E. W. A., & Pruitt, D. B. (1998) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30261-x · Cited by 15
Potential mediators of the association between childhood maltreatment and obsessive-compulsive disorder in adulthood
Boger, S., Ehring, T. W., Schwarzkopf, W., & Werner, G. G. (2020) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100587 · Cited by 16
Treatment Failure in Acute PTSD
Shalev, A. Y. (1997) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48293.x · Cited by 14
Internal evidence and corroboration of traumatic memories of child sexual abuse with addictive disorders
Whitfield, C. L. (1998) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity The Journal of Treatment and Prevention · doi:10.1080/10720169808402337 · Cited by 14
Understanding the Personal Impact of Sexual Violence and Assault
Tyson, V. C. (2019) · Journal of Women Politics & Policy · doi:10.1080/1554477x.2019.1565456 · Cited by 13
“God Spoke to Me”: Subjective Paranormal Experience and the Homeostatic Response to Early Trauma
Marks, D. F. (2020) · Imagination Cognition and Personality · doi:10.1177/0276236620934003 · Cited by 12
Traumatic amnesia: The evolution of our understanding from a clinical and legal perspective
Whitfield, C. I. (1997) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity The Journal of Treatment and Prevention · doi:10.1080/10720169708400136 · Cited by 11
The use of Ecological Momentary Assessment approaches in the study of sexually abused children
Simonich, H. K., Wonderlich, S. A., Crosby, R. D., Smyth, J. M., Thompson, K. M., Redlin, J., Mitchell, J. E., & Haseltine, B. (2004) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.005 · Cited by 10
The Consequences of Child Sexual Abuse for Female Development
Trickett, P. K., Kurtz, D. A., & Noll, J. G. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-48674-1_12 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
A developmental lifecourse approach to the study of offending and victimisation following child sexual abuse
Papalia, N. L., Luebbers, S., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819434-8.00014-3 · Cited by 10
Predictors of Clinical Outcomes in Sexually Abused Adolescents
Tocker, L., Ben-Amitay, G., Horesh-Reinman, N., Lask, M., & Toren, P. (2017) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2017.1300204 · Cited by 7
Childhood Sexual Abuse Experiences of Female Student Teachers in Zimbabwe
Gwirayi, P., & Shumba, A. (2008) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2008.10820199 · Cited by 6
Gewalt gegen Kinder
Garbarino, J., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2002) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-322-80376-4_35 · Cited by 6
How do people with a history of sexual abuse experience talking therapies for sexual trauma? A systematic review of qualitative findings
Dawood, R., Vosper, J., Gibson, S., & Irons, C. (2025) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12571 · Cited by 5
The relationship between social determinants of health and girls’ age at menarche based on the world health organization model: path analysis
Nasiri, S., Dolatian, M., Tehrani, F. R., Majd, H. A., & Bagheri, A. (2022) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10794 · Cited by 5
Vulnerability to alcohol use disorders following early sexual abuse: The role of effortful control
Klanecky, A. K., & McChargue, D. E. (2012) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066359.2012.703269 · Cited by 5
The Real Controversy About Child Sexual Abuse Research: Contradictory Findings and Critical Issues Not Addressed by Rind, Tromovitch, and Bauserman in Their 1998 Outcomes Meta-Analysis
Tice, P. P., Whittenburg, J. A., Baker, G. L., & Lemmey, D. E. (2001) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1300/j070v09n03_08 · Cited by 5
Forensic Psychological Harm in Victims of Child Sexual Abuse: A Meta-analytic Review
Cea, B., Montes, Á., Trinidad, A., & Fernández, R. A. (2025) · The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context · doi:10.5093/ejpalc2025a10 · Cited by 5
Does Forced Sexual Contact Have Criminogenic Effects?
Austin, A. (2004) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1300/j146v08n04_03 · Cited by 3
Integrating a Neurobiological Systems Approach Into Child Neglect and Abuse Theory and Practice
Gilles, E. E. (1999) · Children s Health Care · doi:10.1207/s15326888chc2802_7 · Cited by 3
Psychological issues associated with acute physical injury: after the pediatric emergency department
Frosch, E. J., & Lewandowski, L. (1998) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540269874808 · Cited by 3
Evaluating the impact of betrayal for children exposed in photographs
Zurbriggen, E. L., Pearce, G. E., & Freyd, J. J. (2003) · Children & Society · doi:10.1002/chi.750 · Cited by 3
Coping behaviour, posttraumatic growth and psychological well–being in women who experienced childhood sexual abuse
Walker-Williams, H. J. (2012) · Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University) · Cited by 2
9.21 – Victims of Child Maltreatment
Wurtele, S. K. (1998) · Comprehensive Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1016/b0080-4270(73)00152-8 · Cited by 4
Commentary on Fenton
Putnam, F. W. (1993) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.1993.11024637 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
“God Spoke to Me”: Subjective Paranormal Experience and the Brain's Homeostatic Response to Early TraumaPreprint
Marks, D. F. (2019) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0269.v1 · Cited by 1
Addressing Emotional Issues in an Adolescent with Vitiligo and Early Child Sexual Abuse—Therapeutic Challenges
Manohar, H., Madegowda, R. K., & Seshadri, S. P. (2021) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1177/02537176211000772 · Cited by 1
Cognitive Attributions and Traumatic Events
McElderry, O. (2009) · CommonKnowledge Research Repository (Pacific University Oregon) · Cited by 1
Screening for Dissociative Disorders in Children and Adolescents
Pinegar, C. (1995) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6171.1995.tb00517.x · Cited by 1
The Pivotal Role of Interpersonal Relationships in the Outcome of Borderline Patients
Waugaman, R. M., & Goldstein, W. N. (2003) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/psyc.66.2.129.20619 · Cited by 1
Ecological influences on self-esteem and violent behavior among Latino, African-American, and Euro-American Youth: An investigation of mediating and moderating effects
Rappleyea, D. L. (2009) · ThinkTech (Texas Tech University) · Cited by 1
Cognitive Attributions and Traumatic Experiences
McElderry, O. (2007)
Neurobiology Meets Social Psychology: An Explanation of Feminists’ Attitudes Toward Abuse
Hazlett, C. D. (2007) · University of North Florida Digital Commons (University of North Florida)
Pubertal plasticity: Biological, social, and cultural factors driving timing of female reproductive maturation
Buzney, C. D. (2011)

Authors: Putnam, F. W., & Trickett, P. K.
Affiliations: National Institute of Mental Health (US)
University of Southern California (US)
Venue: Psychiatry
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 1993-02
Volume: 56
Issue: 1
Pages: 82-95
ISSN: 0033-2747 (ISSN-L)
1943-281X
DOI: 10.1080/00332747.1993.11024623
OpenAlex: W1708338146
Cited by: 109
References: 84
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 1.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Military, Security, and Education Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Keywords: child sexual abuse, community violence, child abuse, war effects on children, long-term mental health outcomes, psychological effects of trauma
MeSH terms: Child, Child Abuse, Sexual, Defense Mechanisms, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incest, Male, Personality Development, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Violence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Child Sexual Abuse: A Model of Chronic Trauma

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks