The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Hesitation Phenomena in Spontaneous English Speech
Abstract
[This paper reports an exploratory investigation of hesitation phenomena in spontaneously spoken English. Following a brief review of the literature bearing on such phenomena, a quantitative study of filled and unfilled pauses, repeats, and false starts in the speech of some twelve participants in a conference is described. Analysis in terms of both individual differences and linguistic distribution is made, and some psycholinguistic implications are drawn, particularly as to the nature of encoding units and their relative uncertainty. A distinction between non-chance statistical dependencies and all-or-nothing dependencies in linguistic methodology is made.]
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Referring as a collaborative process
Clark, H. H., & Wilkes-Gibbs, D. (1986) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(86)90010-7 · Cited by 2,401
Monitoring and self-repair in speech.
Levelt, W. (1983) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(83)90026-4 · Cited by 1,676
Using uh and um in spontaneous speaking
Clark, H. (2002) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(02)00017-3 · Cited by 1,235
Disfluency Rates in Conversation: Effects of Age, Relationship, Topic, Role, and Gender
Bortfeld, H., Leon, S. D., Bloom, J. E., Schober, M. F., & Brennan, S. E. (2001) · Language and Speech · doi:10.1177/00238309010440020101 · Cited by 632
Pauses, gaps and overlaps in conversations
Heldner, M., & Edlund, J. (2010) · Journal of Phonetics · doi:10.1016/j.wocn.2010.08.002 · Cited by 575
Metadata
- Authors
- Maclay, H., & Osgood, C. E.
- Venue
- WORD
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1959-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 19-44
- ISSN
- 0043-7956 (ISSN-L)
- 2373-5112
- OpenAlex
- W2260250847
- Cited by
- 796
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 4.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Hesitation Phenomena in Spontaneous English Speech. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/00437956.1959.11659682
- The paper
- Maclay, H., & Osgood, C. E. (1959). Hesitation Phenomena in Spontaneous English Speech. WORD. https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1959.11659682
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
