The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Interactive whole class teaching in the National Literacy and Numercy Strategies
Open accessAbstract
The study set out to investigate the impact of the official endorsement of ‘interactive whole class teaching’ on the interaction and discourse styles of primary teachers while teaching the National Literacy and Numeracy Strategies. In both strategies, interactive whole class teaching is seen as an ‘active teaching’ model promoting high quality dialogue and discussion between teachers and pupils. Pupils are expected to play an active part in discussion by asking questions, contributing ideas and explaining and demonstrating their thinking to the class. Using computerized systematic classroom observation, discourse analysis of transcripts and a questionnaire, the project looked specifically at the discourse strategies currently used by a national sample of primary teachers when teaching the literacy and numeracy strategies and their perceptions of current practices. The findings suggest that traditional patterns of whole class interaction have not been dramatically transformed by the strategies. The implications of the findings for classroom pedagogy, teachers' professional development and future research priorities are considered.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“There is ample evidence that this form of interaction is the norm in most classrooms (Applebee et al., 2003; Hardman, et al., 2003; Smith et al., 2004).”
From Developing the theory of formative assessment (2009) · cites this paper as Smith et al., 2004
Citations
Cites
Learning Lessons: Social Organization in the Classroom
Mehan, H. (1979) · doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674420106 · Cited by 2,872
Rousing minds to life: teaching, learning, and schooling in social context
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.26-6394 · Cited by 2,008
Towards an analysis of discourse: The English used by teachers and pupils
Binnick, R. I. (1976) · Lingua · doi:10.1016/0024-3841(76)90052-8 · Cited by 1,676
Culture and pedagogy: international comparisons in primary education
(2001) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-0442 · Cited by 1,200
Lewis, D., Ecob, R., Sammons, P., & Stoll, L. (1988) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/9780520330375 · Cited by 617
Galton, M. J., Hargreaves, L. M., Comber, C., Wall, D., & Pell, A. (1999) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203269329 · Cited by 479
Edwards, A., & Westgate, D. (2005) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203975718 · Cited by 477
Is the National Numeracy Strategy Research-based?
Brown, M., Askew, M., Baker, D., Denvir, H., & Millett, A. (1998) · British Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.1111/1467-8527.00090 · Cited by 126
'Interactive Whole Class Teaching' in the National Literacy Strategy
HARDMAN, F., SMITH, F., & WALL, K. (2003) · Cambridge Journal of Education · doi:10.1080/03057640302043 · Cited by 112
Self-citationThe Discourse of the Literacy Hour
Mroz, M. A., Smith, F., & Hardman, F. (2000) · Cambridge Journal of Education · doi:10.1080/03057640020004513 · Cited by 106
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Department of Education and Employment (DfEE), 1998, The National Literacy Strategy: a framework for teaching
- Department of Education and Employment (DfEE), 1999, The National Numeracy Strategy
- Department of Education and Employment (DfEE), 1999, Talking in class
- Department of Education and Employment (DfEE), 1999, Engaging all pupils
- Earl L, 2003, Watching and Learning. Final Report of the External Evaluation of England's National Literacy and Numeracy Strategies
- Joyce B, 1992, Cooperative learning and staff development: teaching the method with the method, Cooperative Learning, 12, 10
- Noldus Information Technology, 1995, The Observer, Base Package for Windows, Reference manual, Version 3.0 edition
- Reynolds D, 1996, Worlds apart? A review of international studies of educational achievement involving England
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–119 of 119
National monitoring in social studies: the reliability of assessment interviews
Hawe, E. M., & Browne, I. R. (2010) · The Curriculum Journal · doi:10.1080/09585176.2010.504575 · Cited by 1
Classroom Practice in a Faith-Based School: A Tale of Two Levels
Black, P. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8972-1_29 · Cited by 1
Quiroz, V. (2017) · Revista Akadèmeia · doi:10.61144/0718-9397.2017.143 · Cited by 1
L’oratie dans les écoles anglaises
Millard, W. (2021) · Revue internationale d éducation de Sèvres · doi:10.4000/ries.10424 · Cited by 1
Social Climate and Teacher Professional Development in Tanzania
Lawrent, G. (2022) · International Journal of Teacher Education and Professional Development · doi:10.4018/ijtepd.295546 · Cited by 1
Learning in the Primary School Classroom using the Interactive Whiteboard
Maher, D. (2013) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-4502-8.ch031 · Cited by 1
Challenges in school-based teacher professional development
Lago, L. G., Camillo, J., & de Mattos, C. R. (2023) · Gláuks - Revista de Letras e Artes · doi:10.47677/gluks.v22i2.365 · Cited by 1
A Sociocultural Perspective of Teaching and Learning in Formal and Informal Science Settings
Zhai, J. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-591-4_3
Communicative Functions of Repair on Nigerian Students’ Participation in Computer Studies
Agbatogun, A., & Null, N. (2011) · Academic Leadership: The Online Journal · doi:10.58809/tfam6655
Danielsen, A. M. M. (2021) · Learning Tech · doi:10.7146/lt.v6i9.124190 · Cited by 1
İngilizce Öğretimi Çalışmalarında Diyalojik Öğrenmenin Rolü
Sarıçoban, A., & Yardımcı, A. (2021) · International Journal of Languages Education · doi:10.29228/ijlet.53961
Şahin, Ş. T., & Karatepe, Ç. (2025) · Batı anadolu eğitim bilimleri dergisi · doi:10.51460/baebd.1476944
Western Influences on the East, Eastern Influences on the West
Elliott, J. G., & Phuong-Mai, N. (2008) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-60752-998-920251004
WhatsApp as a Pedagogical Tool During COVID-19: A Bibliometric Review
Duh, I., Makda, F., & Dlamini, R. S. (2025) · International Journal of Educational Development in Africa · doi:10.25159/2312-3540/19393
Lago, L. G. (2026) · The Teacher Educator · doi:10.1080/08878730.2026.2640539
Nelson, K. (2026) · Support for Learning · doi:10.1111/1467-9604.70059
Self-Study as a Transformative Methodology and Pedagogical Practice in a Writing Workshop
Olan, E. L. (2019) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-64113-701-020251011
Kilby, B. (2026) · Language and Education · doi:10.1080/09500782.2026.2702329
Engagement and Efficiency: A Study of Metadiscourse in Tibetan EFL Classrooms
Guan, S., & Chen, X. (2026) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/13621688261466614
Metadata
- Authors
- Smith, F., Hardman, F., Wall, K., & Mroz, M.
- Affiliations
- Newcastle University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Smith, Fay
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Educational Research Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 395-411
- ISSN
- 0141-1926 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-3518
- OpenAlex
- W4230084863
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 20.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Educational Research Journal (publishedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Education Pedagogy and Practices
- Social Sciences › Education › Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques
- Social Sciences › Education › Education and Technology Integration
- Keywords
- National Literacy Strategy, National Numeracy Strategy, primary school teachers, classroom interaction, active teaching methods, classroom pedagogy, teacher professional development, policy implementation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review