'Interactive Whole Class Teaching' in the National Literacy Strategy
Open accessAbstract
Building on evidence from an earlier small-scale study of the discourse of the National Literacy Strategy (NLS) in England, the findings of a more extensive investigation (n=70) into interactive and discourse styles of a nationally representative sample of primary teachers are presented. Using a computerised observation schedule and discourse analysis system, the paper explores the impact of the official endorsement of 'interactive whole class teaching' in the teaching of the NLS to see whether it is promoting higher levels of interaction and cognitive engagement by pupils. The findings support our earlier study and suggest that the NLS is encouraging teachers to use more directive forms of teaching with little opportunities for pupils to explore and elaborate on their ideas. The implications of the findings are considered in the light of their impact on classroom pedagogy and the professional development of teachers who are charged with implementing the national policy-led initiatives like the NLS.
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There is ample evidence that the form of interaction in which the teacher's attention is focused on the correctness of the student's response is the norm in most classrooms.
“There is ample evidence that this form of interaction is the norm in most classrooms (Applebee et al., 2003; Hardman, et al., 2003; Smith et al., 2004).”
From Developing the theory of formative assessment (2009) · cites this paper as Hardman, et al., 2003
Cites
What's the use of 'triadic dialogue'?: an investigation of teacher-student interaction
Nassaji, H. (2000) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/21.3.376 · Cited by 545 · cited 2× · see citing works
“However, research (e.g. Dillon, 1994; Nystrand et al., 1997; Wells, 1993; Wood, 1992; Nassaji & Wells, 2000) suggests that the ‘initiation-response-feedback’ (IRF) structure can take a variety of forms and functions leading to different levels of pupil participation and engagement, particularly…”
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Developing the theory of formative assessment
Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2009) · Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability · doi:10.1007/s11092-008-9068-5 · Cited by 3,301 · see citing works
Developing dialogic teaching: genesis, process, trial
Alexander, R. (2018) · Research Papers in Education · doi:10.1080/02671522.2018.1481140 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Interactive whole class teaching in the National Literacy and Numercy Strategies
Smith, F., Hardman, F., Wall, K., & Mroz, M. (2004) · British Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1080/01411920410001689706 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterizing the formative assessment enactment of experienced science teachers
Dini, V., Sevian, H., Caushi, K., & Orduña Picón, R. (2020) · Science Education · doi:10.1002/sce.21559 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
- Authors
- HARDMAN, F., SMITH, F., & WALL, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
- Newcastle University (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cambridge Journal of Education
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 197-215
- ISSN
- 0305-764X (ISSN-L)
- 1469-3577
- OpenAlex
- W2056237913
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 35.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cambridge Journal of Education (publishedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Education Pedagogy and Practices
- Social Sciences › Education › Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Keywords
- National Literacy Strategy, classroom discourse, primary school teachers, cognitive engagement, directive teaching, classroom pedagogy, teacher professional development, education policy implementation
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