Fundamental components of a curriculum for residents in health advocacy
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: To develop components of a curriculum for teaching and evaluating Residents as health advocates. METHOD: Modeled on the Delphi technique, the first step involved a multidisciplinary panel of 10 Queen's University health care providers with expertize in education and patient advocacy. In the context of four Advocacy questions: What is it?, Who does it?, How to teach it?, and How to evaluate it?, they discussed a curriculum framework including graded education, scholarly activity, role modeling, and case examples. In the second step, 24 faculty experts addressed two goals: (1) to identify attributes discussed by the expert panel in step 1 and corresponding measurable behaviours and (2) to refine the curriculum framework proposed in step 1 with emphasis on content and evaluation. RESULTS: Six attributes of a health advocate were identified; knowledgeable, altruistic, honest, assertive, resourceful, and up-to date. Behaviours that reflect these attributes were identified as desirable or undesirable and means of teaching were matched to the attributes. For most residents, skills would be developed in a graded fashion, progressing from advocating for the individual to society as a whole. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a general framework from which specialty-specific curriculums for training health advocates can be developed.
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- Authors
- Flynn, L., & Verma, S.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Flynn, Leslie
- ORCID
- Verma, Sarita
- Venue
- Medical Teacher
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e178-e183
- ISSN
- 0142-159X (ISSN-L)
- 1466-187X
- OpenAlex
- W2130384139
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Medical Teacher (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Innovations in Medical Education
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Medical Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Empathy and Medical Education
- Keywords
- health advocacy, patient advocacy, medical residents, curriculum development, Delphi method, resident education, advocacy skills, role modeling, curriculum evaluation, health professions education
- MeSH terms
- Consumer Advocacy, Curriculum, Delphi Technique, Educational Measurement, Humans, Internship and Residency, Program Development
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