How Do Playful People Play? Gendered and Racial Leisure Perspectives, Motives, and Preferences of College Students
Abstract
Playfulness is an aspect of personality that predisposes individuals to reframe boring situations into more amusing ones for themselves. This study extends knowledge about the playfulness construct by contrasting college students who were high or low in playfulness relative to the activity preferences they make, the motives they have, and their perspectives on their leisure time. Significant differences were found in perspectives and motives but not in activity preferences, leading to the conclusion that playfulness relates more to how individuals view their leisure and what they seek than in what they do. Only minor differences due to gender or race were observed.
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Parental warmth and autonomy support are positively associated with children's playfulness and social competence.
“Empirical research indicates that parental warmth and autonomy support are positively associated with children's playfulness and social competence (Barnett, 2011;Shen et al., 2017;Wilhelm et al., 2016).”
From Childhood and Adult Playfulness: Links with Well-Being and Interpersonal Relationships (2026) · cites this paper as Barnett, 2011
Children's playfulness is closely associated with social competence, emotional regulation, and cognitive flexibility.
“Research in developmental psychology indicates that children's playfulness is closely associated with social competence, emotional regulation, and cognitive flexibility (Barnett, 2011).”
From Childhood and Adult Playfulness: Links with Well-Being and Interpersonal Relationships (2026) · cites this paper as Barnett, 2011
Cites
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.68 · Cited by 27,815 · see citing works
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Proyer, R. T., Gander, F., Brauer, K., & Chick, G. (2021) · Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12220 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“…of positive psychological functioning such as the three basic orientations to happiness and happiness (Proyer, 2012b, 2014b); positive affect (Barnett, 2011); relationship satisfaction (Aune & Wong, 2002; Proyer et al., 2019); life satisfaction (Proyer, 2012b, 2013); or self-and other-rated…”
BackgroundChildhood and Adult Playfulness: Links with Well-Being and Interpersonal Relationships
Skeryte-Kazlauskiene, M. (2026) · International Journal of Psychological Studies · doi:10.5539/ijps.v18n2p37
“Empirical research indicates that parental warmth and autonomy support are positively associated with children’s playfulness and social competence (Barnett, 2011; Shen et al., 2017; Wilhelm et al., 2016).”
- Authors
- Barnett, L. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barnett, Lynn A.
- ORCID
- Barnett, Lynn A.
- Venue
- Leisure Sciences
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-10
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 382-401
- ISSN
- 0149-0400 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-0588
- OpenAlex
- W2048625233
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Leisure Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Humor Studies and Applications
- Keywords
- playfulness, personality, leisure, leisure preferences, gender differences, racial differences, university students
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