Distributed and relative nature of professional expertise
Open accessAbstract
This exploratory study investigates the distributed nature and complexity of professional expertise by examining the patterns of cognitive processes in novices and experts who are using ultrasound technology to make diagnoses. The study aims to identify and provide an explanation for such patterns in light of the recent debate on the locus of control underpinning human cognition. A distributed model of professional expertise based on the relationships between the four elements of socio-cultural disposition, tools and artefacts, strategies, and domain knowledge, is used to discuss the results. The findings illustrate the complexity of professional expertise, particularly when individuals depend on sophisticated tools to assist their thinking and reasoning.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Professional expertise is domain-specific and evolves over time.
“Professional expertise, however, is also domain-specific and continually evolves with time [41,98].”
From A Framework of High-Stakes Algorithmic Decision-Making for the Public Sector Developed through a Case Study of Child-Welfare (2021) · cites this paper as [98]
Professional expertise affects workers' confidence in their decisions and their ability to navigate bureaucratic processes, negotiate resources, and seek supervision.
“It plays an important role with respect to the workers' confidence in their own decisions [98] as well as the level of adeptness with which they navigate bureaucratic processes [27,46], negotiate resources [22], and seek additional supervision [41].”
From A Framework of High-Stakes Algorithmic Decision-Making for the Public Sector Developed through a Case Study of Child-Welfare (2021) · cites this paper as [98]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
(1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 53,488 · see citing works
Self-efficacy: The exercise of control
Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H., & Lightsey, R. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158 · Cited by 46,835 · see citing works
Self-efficacy: the exercise of control
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-1826 · Cited by 24,409 · see citing works
The Interpretation of Cultures
Fenn, R. K., & Geertz, C. (1974) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.2307/1384392 · Cited by 19,236 · see citing works
The Interpretation of Cultures
Dadze-Arthur, A. (2017) · Macat Library eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781912128310 · Cited by 16,500 · see citing works
(1997) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · Cited by 2,510 · see citing works
Self-explanations: How students study and use examples in learning to solve problems
Chi, M. (1989) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1016/0364-0213(89)90002-5 · Cited by 2,287 · see citing works
Features and Objects: The Fourteenth Bartlett Memorial Lecture
Treisman, A. (1988) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/02724988843000104 · Cited by 1,751 · see citing works
Self‐Explanations: How Students Study and Use Examples in Learning to Solve Problems
Chi, M. T. H., Bassok, M., Lewis, M. W., Reimann, P., & Glaser, R. (1989) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1302_1 · Cited by 1,714 · see citing works
A cultural-historical approach to distributed cognition
Cole, M. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,596 · see citing works
Problems of the Development of the Mind
Леонтьев, А. Н. (1982) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,388 · see citing works
Cultural Psychology: A Once and Future Discipline.
Sanua, V. D. (1998) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199809000-00012 · Cited by 1,114 · see citing works
Practices of Distributed Intelligence and Designs for Education
(1993) · HAL · Cited by 1,046 · see citing works
Understanding learning at work
Boud, D. J., Garrick, J., & Greenfield, K. (2000) · Performance Improvement Journal · doi:10.1002/pfi.4140391013 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Cognition and artifacts: A contribution to the study of though in relation to instrumented activity
Vérillon, P., & Rabardel, P. (1995) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/bf03172796 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
Using Computers in Qualitative Research
Fielding, N., & Lee, R. M. (1991) · Open Research (University of Surrey) · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Cognition, Education, and Multimedia: Exploring Ideas in High Technology
Nix, D. H., & Spiro, R. J. (1990) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Toward a Workplace Pedagogy: Guidance, Participation, and Engagement
Billett, S. (2002) · Adult Education Quarterly · doi:10.1177/074171302237202 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Fisher, C. B., & Lerner, R. M. (2005) · Encyclopedia of Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.4135/9781412950565.n120 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Diagrammatic reasoning: Cognitive and computational perspectives
(1996) · Computers & Mathematics with Applications · doi:10.1016/s0898-1221(96)90447-2 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Abstract Planning and Perceptual Chunks: Elements of Expertise in Geometry
Koedinger, K. R., & Anderson, J. R. (1990) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1404_2 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Sweller, J. (1989) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.81.4.457 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Beckett, D., & Hager, P. J. (2005) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203994450 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Billett, S. R. (2000) · Journal of Workplace Learning · doi:10.1108/13665620010353351 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Turing's man: Western culture in computer age
Norberg, A. L. (1985) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/proc.1985.13384 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Turing's Man: Western Culture in the Computer Age
Kranzberg, M., & Bolter, J. D. (1986) · The Journal of Interdisciplinary History · doi:10.2307/204546 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Assessing skills for work: two perspectives
Stasz, C. (2001) · Oxford Economic Papers · doi:10.1093/oep/53.3.385 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Recruiting an Elite? Employers' perceptions of graduate education and training
Hesketh, A. J. (2000) · Journal of Education and Work · doi:10.1080/713676992 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Erickson, F. (2002) · Human Development · doi:10.1159/000064993 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Tides of change: New themes and questions in workplace learning
Fenwick, T. (2001) · New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education · doi:10.1002/ace.36 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
An Account of How Readers Search for Information in Diagrams
Winn, W. D. (1993) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1006/ceps.1993.1016 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Making judgments as the basis for workplace learning: towards an epistemology of practice
Beckett, D., & Hager, P. J. (2000) · International Journal of Lifelong Education · doi:10.1080/02601370050110365 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Hartson, R., & Pyla, P. S. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805342-3.00017-5 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Perkins, D. N., & Grotzer, T. A. (1997) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.52.10.1125 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Patel, V. L., & Groen, G. J. (1991) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00106.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Sociocultural perspectives on learning through work
Fenwick, T. (2001) · Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (Québec government) · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Education Policy Analysis 2001
OECD (2001) · Education policy analysis · doi:10.1787/epa-2001-en · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Beckett, D., & Hager, P. J. (2002) · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Cognitive Control of Real‐Time Event‐Driven Systems*
Anzai, Y. (1984) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0803_2 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Competencies for the knowledge economy
Pont, B. (2001) · Cited by 54 · see citing works
A Procedural Guide to Cognitive Task Analysis: The PARI Methodology.
Hall, E. P., Gott, S. P., & Pokorny, R. (1995) · doi:10.21236/ada303654 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Altman, I. (1988) · Social behaviour · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Guided Learning in the Workplace. In D Boud & J Garrick (eds)
Billett, S. R. (1999) · Griffith Research Online · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Emerging Attributes of Pedagogy and Curriculum for the “New World Order”
Pillay, H. K., & Elliott, B. (2001) · Innovative Higher Education · doi:10.1023/a:1010982303618 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationKaufman, D. R., & Patel, V. L. (1991) · Teaching and Learning in Medicine · doi:10.1080/10401339109539473 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Understanding the use of domain and task knowledge in the interpretation of graphical displays
Pillay, H. K., Boles, W., & McCrindle, A. R. (2001) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/bf03173194 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [12]12. Ericsson, K. A. & Smith, J. (Eds) (1991) Towards a general theory of expertise: prospects and limits (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press).
- [22]22. Norman, D. A. (1991) Cognitive artefacts, in: J. Carroll (Ed.) Designing interaction (New York, Cambridge University Press), 17 38.
- [32]32. Schwartz, T. (1990) The structure of national cultures, in: P. Funke (Ed.) Understanding the USA (Tubingen, Gunter Narr), 110 149.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Reframing Professional Development Through Understanding Authentic Professional Learning
Webster-Wright, A. (2009) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654308330970 · Cited by 1,174 · see citing works
Saxena, D., Badillo-Urquiola, K., Wisniewski, P. J., & Guha, S. (2021) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3476089 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
“It plays an important role with respect to the workers’ confidence in their own decisions [98] as well as the level of adeptness with which they navigate bureaucratic processes [27, 46], negotiate resources [22], and seek additional supervision [41].”
Background
- Authors
- Pillay, H., & McCrindle, A. R.
- Affiliations
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Pillay, Hitendra
- Venue
- Studies in Continuing Education
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2005-03
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 67-88
- ISSN
- 0158-037X (ISSN-L)
- 1470-126X
- OpenAlex
- W1997032359
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- eprints.qut.edu.au
- Locations
- Studies in Continuing Education (publishedVersion)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Innovative Education and Learning Practices
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Innovations in Medical Education
- Keywords
- professional expertise, distributed cognition, ultrasonography, novices and experts, locus of control, cognitive strategies, domain knowledge, expert reasoning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
