How flexible is flexible learning, who is to decide and what are its implications?

The case for open educational practice

Naidu, S. (2016) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587919.2016.1157010 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

Openness and flexibility are the norm, but what are the challenges?

Naidu, S. (2017) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587919.2017.1297185 · Cited by 43 · see citing works

Workload and interaction: Unisa’s signature courses – a design template for transitioning to online DE?

Hülsmann, T., & Shabalala, L. (2016) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587919.2016.1191408 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Towards a motivational design? Connecting gamification user types and online learning activities

Bovermann, K., & Bastiaens, T. J. (2020) · Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning · doi:10.1186/s41039-019-0121-4 · Cited by 156 · see citing works

A posthumanist critique of flexible online learning and its “anytime anyplace” claims

Houlden, S., & Veletsianos, G. (2019) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.12779 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

An analysis of flexible learning and flexibility over the last 40 years of Distance Education

Veletsianos, G., & Houlden, S. (2019) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587919.2019.1681893 · Cited by 97 · see citing works

Radical Flexibility and Relationality as Responses to Education in Times of Crisis

Veletsianos, G., & Houlden, S. (2020) · Postdigital Science and Education · doi:10.1007/s42438-020-00196-3 · Cited by 92 · see citing works

Acil Uzaktan Eğitim Sürecinin Analizi: Öne Çıkan Kavramlar, Sorunlar ve Çıkarılan Dersler

Sezgin, S. (2021) · Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.18037/ausbd.902616 · Cited by 82 · see citing works

The problem with flexible learning: neoliberalism, freedom, and learner subjectivities

Houlden, S., & Veletsianos, G. (2020) · Learning Media and Technology · doi:10.1080/17439884.2020.1833920 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

The Impact of Learning Management System (LMS) Usage on Students

Furqon, M., Sinaga, P., Liliasari, L., & Riza, L. S. (2023) · TEM Journal · doi:10.18421/tem122-54 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Effectiveness of online learning: a multi-complementary approach research with responses from the COVID-19 pandemic period

Batdı, V., Doğan, Y., & Talan, T. (2021) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2021.1954035 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Flexibility in e-Learning: Modelling Its Relation to Behavioural Engagement and Academic Performance.

Kokoç, M. (2019) · Cited by 42 · see citing works

Temporal flexibility in the digital university: full-time, part-time, flexitime

Sheail, P. (2018) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587919.2018.1520039 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

The Tensions Between Student Dropout and Flexibility in Learning Design: The Voices of Professors in Open Online Higher Education

Xavier, M., & Meneses, J. (2021) · The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning · doi:10.19173/irrodl.v23i1.5652 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Students’ Perception of Learning Management System Supported Smartphone: Satisfaction Analysis in Online Physics Learning

Rizal, R., Rusdiana, D., Setiawan, W., & Siahaan, P. (2020) · Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia · doi:10.15294/jpii.v9i4.25363 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Temporal flexibility, gender, and online learning completion

Veletsianos, G., Kimmons, R. M., Larsen, R., & Rogers, J. (2021) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587919.2020.1869523 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Flexible Learning as an Instructional Modality in Environmental Science Course during COVID-19

Cortes, S. T. (2020) · Aquademia · doi:10.29333/aquademia/8444 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Supporting pre-service teachers in developing research competence

Gussen, L., Schumacher, F., Großmann, N., González, L. F., Schlüter, K., & Großschedl, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2023.1197938 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Marketing micro-credentials: understanding learners' engagement and willingness to pay more

Tee, P. K., Cham, T., Aw, E. C., Khudaykulov, A., & Zhang, X. (2023) · International Journal of Educational Management · doi:10.1108/ijem-03-2023-0096 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Assessing Teacher's Knowledge, Self-efficacy, and Practices (KSP) in Adopting Flexible Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Yazon, A. D., & Callo, E. C. (2021) · Universal Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.13189/ujer.2021.090115 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Challenges and Opportunities for Open, Distance, and Digital Education in the Global South

Mays, T. (2023) · Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-2080-6_20 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Exploring Emerging Technologies in Online Medical Education: A Survey of Women's Online University

Quraishi, T., Hakimi, M., Hakimi, N., Khani, A. M., Zahid, N., & Mohammadi, F. G. (2024) · Journal of Education Method and Learning Strategy · doi:10.59653/jemls.v2i02.650 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Student Engagement and Flexibility in Distance Learning in Higher Education

Kuluşaklı, E. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251329979 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Forty years of pushing the boundaries of education

Naidu, S. (2019) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587919.2019.1693952 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Deconstructing dual-mode provision in a digital era

Mays, T., Combrinck, M. H. A., & Aluko, F. R. (2018) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587919.2018.1457943 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Adjustment of Israeli undergraduate students to emergency remote learning during COVID-19: a mixed methods examination

Lipka, O., & Sarid, M. (2022) · International Journal of Inclusive Education · doi:10.1080/13603116.2022.2033856 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Açık ve Uzaktan Öğrenmede Esneklik Ölçeğini Türkçe’ye Uyarlama Çalışması

Kokoç, M. (2020) · Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama · doi:10.17943/etku.643358 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Challenges and Opportunities for Open, Distance, and Digital Education in the Global South

Mays, T. (2022) · Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-0351-9_20-1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Flipping the Script: Post-COVID-19 Opportunities, Challenges, and Threats amidst the Digital Revolution in Higher Education

Takona, J. P. (2023) · International Journal on Social and Education Sciences · doi:10.46328/ijonses.569 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

ChatGPT and Personalised Learning: Reshaping Pedagogical Approaches in the VUCA Age

Baskara, F. R. (2024) · Jurnal Educative Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.30983/educative.v8i2.7620 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Towards More Resilient Schooling: Possible Models for the Future.

Mays, T. (2020) · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Teaching the Teachers

Mays, T. (2020) · Lecture notes in educational technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7869-4_11 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

KONSEP MERDEKA BELAJAR DALAM KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN KRISTEN UNTUK MENDUKUNG PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DIGITAL

Purba, P., & Bermuli, J. E. (2022) · Bonafide Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen · doi:10.46558/bonafide.v3i1.83 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

PROFILES OF FILIPINO TEACHERS AND THEIR ONLINE TEACHING COMPETENCIES DURING THE PANDEMIC

Marcial, D. E., Maypa, A. L. Z., Villariza, C. R. R., & Apao, G. L. (2024) · Information Technologies and Learning Tools · doi:10.33407/itlt.v99i1.5535 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

The Future of Flexible Learning and Emerging Technology in Medical Education: Reflections from the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Park, J. J. (2021) · Korean Medical Education Review · doi:10.17496/kmer.2021.23.3.147 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Synergy of Voluntary GenAI Adoption in Flexible Learning Environments: Exploring Facets of Student-Teacher Interaction Through Structural Equation Modeling

Tulang, A. B. (2025) · European Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.12973/eu-jer.14.3.829 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Online Learning on Quantitative Subjects during COVID-19: Identifying Factor Analysis for Teaching Effectiveness

Li, C. C. (2021) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i5/9865 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

EFFECTS OF INCREASED DISTANCE LEARNING ON EXPECTATIONS OF USING FLEXIBLE TEACHING METHODS IN HIGHER EDUCATION

(2023) · Education and new developments · doi:10.36315/2023v2end027 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Learning Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan by Using Blended Learning in the New Normal at MTs Muhammadiyah Lubuk Jambi

Tarsupon, T. (2021) · Ruhama Islamic Education Journal · doi:10.31869/ruhama.v4i2.2845 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Flexibility as a form of inequity in emergency remote online learning: the perspective of Israeli university students

Becher, A., Slobodin, O., Manevich-Malul, G., Abu-Kishk, H., Abu‐Rabia‐Queder, S., & Pinson, H. (2025) · Journal of Computing in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s12528-025-09433-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Surviving a Calculus Class during the Pandemic: Affordances and Constraints of a Fully Modular Instruction Class

Domingo, L. M. S. (2023) · Creative Education · doi:10.4236/ce.2023.141004 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Extended Reality Technologies for Sustainable Development of Learning and Education in Indonesia

Yudhistyra, W. I., Rosyidah, A., Srinuan, C., & Chaveesuk, S. (2022) · International Conference on Computer, Control, Informatics and its Applications · doi:10.1145/3575882.3575929 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Online Learning Expectations among Engineering Students: Analyzing Pre-Determined Factors in the Implementation of Flexible Learning

Reginaldo, A., & CHING, D. A. (2021) · International Journal of Educational Management and Development Studies · doi:10.53378/352076 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Comparing Pedagogical and Andragogical Approaches in Education

Singha, S., Rema, M. K., & Thomas, L. (2023) · Advances in educational marketing, administration, and leadership book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-8332-9.ch003 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Impact of Learning Modality on Calculus Achievement: Traditional versus Flexible Learning Ubiquitous Experience

Dampil, E. F. G., & Dampil, J. G. (2025) · International Conference on e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning · doi:10.1109/ic4e65071.2025.11075347 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Balancing Autonomy and Accountability Through Curricular Flexibility in Pharmacy Education

Thornby, K., & Cain, J. J. (2025) · American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education · doi:10.1016/j.ajpe.2025.101865 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

FLEXIBILITY OF ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES OF JHS SCIENCE TEACHERS IN FOSTERING STUDENTS’ ENGAGEMENT AND TASK COMPLETION

Corneja, B. R., & Mendoza, J. R. P. (2023) · International Journal of Research Publications · doi:10.47119/ijrp1001261620224984 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

EXAMINATION OF THE PREDICTION OF FLEXIBILITY FOR LEARNER SATISFACTION IN ONLINE COURSES

Akçay, A. (2023) · Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education · doi:10.17718/tojde.1179935 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Fifty years of open education policy and practice in Australia

Evans, T., & Jakupec, V. (2023) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587919.2023.2267479 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Science Teachers’ Instructional Experiences in Learning Flexibility Modality

Geverola, I. J. R., Mutya, R. C., Sumayao, E. D., & Pogoy, A. M. (2023) · Jurnal Penelitian dan Pembelajaran IPA · doi:10.30870/jppi.v9i2.19722 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Using a Mobile-Based Learning Management System (M-LMS) for Developing English Technical Report Writing Skills of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Students

Haggag, H. M. (2024) · مجلة البحث في التربية وعلم النفس · doi:10.21608/mathj.2024.262776.1411 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Insights in teacher education: 2022

Baccassino, F., & Li, J. (2024) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-4831-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Analisis Kebutuhan Bahan Ajar dalam Pembelajaran Metode Penelitian Terapan di Program Studi Kosmetik dan Perawatan Kecantikan

Armandari, M. O., Ambarwati, N. S. S., & Hidayah, N. (2024) · Academy of Education Journal · doi:10.47200/aoej.v15i2.2493 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Recalibrating Institutional Choreographies for a Future Focused Education

Naidu, S. (2019) · Journal of Learning for Development · doi:10.56059/jl4d.v6i3.369 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

INVOLVING STUDENTS IN ONLINE LEARNING

Ivushkina, T. A. (2021) · EDULEARN proceedings · doi:10.21125/edulearn.2021.2363 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

The Environment as a Medium of Original Ideas for Young Researchers in Self-Determined Learning

Munawaroh, D. A., Imron, A., Ahsin, M. N., Fauziddin, M., Miyono, N., Saputra, N., & Ridayani, R. (2022) · International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies · doi:10.53894/ijirss.v5i4.960 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Teaching Strategies For Speaking Skills: Teachers’ Implementation and Students Opinion

Annisa, T. M. (2023) · IDEAS Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning Linguistics and Literature · doi:10.24256/ideas.v11i1.3463 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Toward a framework for the implementation of fully online distance education at a residential higher education institution

Ryneveld, L. V. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818630-5.02144-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Is Flexible Learning Flexible for Teachers? An Investigation of the Current Situation of China’s Online Flexible EFL Teaching During the COVID-19 Outbreak

Yuan, M., Wu, X., Xiong, F., Li, W., Xie, Q., & Liu, X. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-66906-5_41

Learning Formats During the Pandemic: Students’ SurveyPreprint

Ivushkina, T. A. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4067440

Satisfaction with NU Flexible Learning Experience (NU FLEX) of the Students in One University in the Philippines

Luna, L. R. D., Miguel, J. G. S., Diloy, M. A., Loyola, C. O., & Jequinto, A. Y. S. (2022) · International Conference on Education Technology and Computer · doi:10.1145/3572549.3572607

Exploring Lecturer and Student Readiness on Flexible Learning Pathways Toward SDG4

Karim, R. A., & Mustapha, R. (2023) · Advances in higher education and professional development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-6076-4.ch021

Reimagining Education Systems: How Research on Digital Learning Can Inform Pedagogical Practice

Naidu, S. (2023) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-8255-4_1

Flexible Learning and Student-Teacher Relationship Experience of College Students with Visual Impairment

Ocampo, J. M., Salvador, C., Luen, L. C., Yahya, A. Y., & Peña, S. M. D. (2023) · The Normal Lights · doi:10.56278/tnl.v17i2.2161

Distance Education as a Catalyst for Women's Empowerment in India

Nandi, A., Chatterjee, A., Das, T., & Halder, T. (2024) · International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation · doi:10.54660/.ijmrge.2024.5.1.545-549

Instructors’ Conceptions of the Efficacy and Motives for Online Instruction in Open and Distance Learning Mode

Sanga, P. L. (2023) · Journal of Adult Education in Tanzania · doi:10.61408/jaet2023v25i02.02

The Future Is Flex

Gavin, D. (2024) · Advances in educational marketing, administration, and leadership book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-3695-3.ch003

Transactional Distance Perceptions and Instructional Evidence in a Higher Education Setting During the Pandemic Era

Batita, M. S. R., Chen, Y., & Ulfa, S. U. (2025) · Sustainable development goals series · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-4971-6_5

Analyzing the Relationship Between Student Attendance and Academic Performance in Flux Modality: A Quantitative Study

Dampil, E. F. G., & Dampil, J. G. (2025) · International Conference on e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning · doi:10.1109/ic4e65071.2025.11075409

Starting post-secondary school with a complex health condition: 5 tips for students, plus 5 ways institutions can help

Mah, J. C., & Sibbald, K. R. (2022) · doi:10.64628/aam.a36mkpkfc

The Urbanization of Distance Education in Australia

Radcliffe, C. (2023) · Quarterly review of distance education · doi:10.1108/qrde-09-2023-0004

Flexible Learning: Implications of “when‐ever”, “where‐ever” and “what‐ever”

Willems, J. (2005) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587910500291579 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Open and Flexible Learning for Whom? Rethinking Distance Education 1

Thaman, K. H. (2001) · Cited by 9 · see citing works

An analysis of flexible learning and flexibility over the last 40 years of Distance Education

Veletsianos, G., & Houlden, S. (2019) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587919.2019.1681893 · Cited by 97 · see citing works

Flexible learning

Rennie, F., & Smyth, K. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429425240-86

Openness and flexibility are the norm, but what are the challenges?

Naidu, S. (2017) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587919.2017.1297185 · Cited by 43 · see citing works