Self-Efficacy, Depression, and Self-Care Activities in Adult Jordanians with Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of Illness Perception
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is reaching epidemic levels worldwide. In a developing country like Jordan, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has reached a prevalence rate of 17.1%. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between self-care activities and: illness perception, depression, social support, religiosity and spiritual coping, and self-efficacy among patients with T2DM. A random sample of 220 patients with T2DM, who attended Jordan University Hospital in Jordan were enrolled. The data were collected through a structured interview and the medical files. The instruments consisted of a sociodemographic and clinical standardised questionnaires: Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, Patients' Health Questionnaire-9; ENRICH Social Support Instrument; Religious and Spiritual Coping Subscale; Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale; and Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities. Bivariate analysis investigated the relationship between variables. Structure Equation Modelling (SEM) was performed to test the proposed conceptual model. The study found that approximately 70% of the respondents suffered some form of depressive symptoms. The SEM showed a direct relationship between self-efficacy and self-care activities (β = 0.40; p < 0.001). Depression was indirectly related to self-care activities through self-efficacy (β = -0.20; p = 0.003); nevertheless, it was directly related to perception of: treatment control, consequences, and emotional representations. Overall, the sequence…
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The cognitive and affective factors resulting from weight stigma impede self-management behaviors.
“The suite of cognitive and affective factors resulting from weight stigma collectively undermines weight management efforts (e.g., dysregulated eating, weight cycling, and sedentary behaviors; Puhl et al., 2016, 2022; Tomiyama, 2014) and impedes self-management behaviors (Al-Amer et al., 2016).”
From A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Informed Diabetes Prevention Program Reduces Body Shame and Distress. (2025) · cites this paper as Al-Amer et al., 2016
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“Selfefficacy has also been found to mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and self-care (Al-Amer et al., 2016; Cherrington, Wallston, & Rothman, 2010; Devarajooh & Chinna, 2017; Hernandez et al., 2016) in people with diabetes.”
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“Al-Amer et al.(2016) [29] Cross-sectional, descriptive study of 220 participants (115 women and 105 men) who attended the Endocrinology Clinic, Jordan University Hospital Examined relationships between self-care activities and illness perception, depression, social support, religiosity and spiritual coping, and self-e…”
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“In fact, a person ’ s general idea about his/her illness can have a better effect on his/her self-con fi dence to achieve certain skills or the ability to perform self-care activities (Al-Amer et al., 2016).”
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“Contributing factors could be cultural differences among studied populations (Walker et al. 2014a, 2015) and the use of various scales that conceptualize and assess self-efficacy differently (Al-Amer et al. 2016).”
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“This study contributes to the growing body of research into how emotional distress impacts diabetes management self-efficacy (Al-Amer et al. 2016; Devarajooh and Chinna 2017).”
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Retracted
- Authors
- Al-Amer, R., Ramjan, L., Glew, P., Randall, S., & Salamonson, Y.
- Affiliations
- Western Sydney University (AU)
- Ingham Institute (AU)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Al-Amer, Rasmieh
- Venue
- Issues in Mental Health Nursing
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-08-02
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 744-755
- ISSN
- 0161-2840 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-4673
- OpenAlex
- W2483658309
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 4.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Issues in Mental Health Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Wellbeing Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, diabetes self-care, self-efficacy, depression, illness perception, social support, religiosity, spiritual coping, Jordanian adults
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Jordan, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Care, Sick Role, Social Support, Health Behavior, Self Efficacy
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