The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Postpartum Depression Among African-American Women
Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the nature of postpartum depression (PPD) among African-American women. Twelve women, who had experienced PPD within the last three years, were interviewed for approximately one hour at two intervals. Nudist-4 software and the constant comparative method were used to analyze the data. Five themes "Stressing Out," "Feeling Down," "Losing It," "Seeking Help," and "Feeling Better" represented aspects of PPD as experienced by the participants. The last theme, "Dealing with It," represented the cultural ways in which African-American mothers managed their depression. These included Keeping the Faith, Trying to Be a Strong Black Woman, Living with Myths, and Keeping Secrets. Suggestions for future directions in nursing research are included.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Other researchers (Amankwaa, 2003; Edge & Rogers, 2005) have not focused on the concept of strength, but obtained insight on the topic in the process of investigating other psychological or health-related phenomena.”
From Superwoman Schema: African American Women’s Views on Stress, Strength, and Health (2010) · cites this paper as Amankwaa, 2003
In the citing paper
“in one interview study, 12 African American women with postpartum depression discussed that obligations to exhibit strength, modeled by the women in their families, resulted in disregard for their physical and mental health, dissonance between the their “real self” and “ideal self,” and frustration when they were unable to live up to social expectations to be strong (Amankwaa, 2003).”
From Superwoman Schema: African American Women’s Views on Stress, Strength, and Health (2010) · cites this paper as Amankwaa, 2003
In the citing paper
“Verbalization of emotional distress or seeking professional mental health counseling might be interpreted as signs of weakness or as a failure to uphold the image of strength (Amankwaa, 2003; Curphey, 2003).”
From Superwoman Schema: African American Women’s Views on Stress, Strength, and Health (2010) · cites this paper as Amankwaa, 2003
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Wagner, H. R., Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1968) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2575405 · Cited by 46,525
The Discovery of Grounded Theory; Strategies for Qualitative Research
Glaser, B. G., Strauss, A. L., & Strutzel, E. (1968) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-196807000-00014 · Cited by 39,449
“Stress: appraisal and coping,”
Folkman, S. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_215 · Cited by 27,833
Rates and risk of postpartum depression – a meta-analysis
O'hara, M. W., & Swain, A. M. (1996) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540269609037816 · Cited by 3,116
(2024) · doi:10.4135/9781529691627 · Cited by 1,830
Family assessment : resiliency, coping and adaptation : inventories for research and practice
McCubbin, H. I., Thompson, A. I., & McCubbin, M. A. (1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 801
Social Support, Life Events, and Depression During Pregnancy and the Puerperium
O’Hara, M. W. (1986) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800060063008 · Cited by 573
Sisters of the Yam: Black Women and Self-Recovery.
Adell, S., & hooks, B. (1995) · African American Review · doi:10.2307/3042416 · Cited by 528
Postpartum Depression Screening Scale: Development and Psychometric Testing
Beck, C. T., & Gable, R. K. (2000) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-200009000-00006 · Cited by 419
Hormonal Changes in the Postpartum and Implications for Postpartum Depression
Hendrick, V. C., Altshuler, L. L., & Suri, R. (1998) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(98)71355-6 · Cited by 374
Beck, C. T., & Gable, R. K. (2001) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-200107000-00008 · Cited by 251
Teetering on the edge: a substantive theory of postpartum depression.
Beck, C. T. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 217
Postpartum Depressed Mothers' Experiences Interacting With Their Children
Beck, C. T. (1996) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-199603000-00008 · Cited by 162
Postpartum depression: women's help‐seeking behaviour and perceptions of cause
McIntosh, J. (1993) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18020178.x · Cited by 162
Loss, happiness and postpartum depression: The ultimate paradox.
Nicolson, P. (1999) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/h0086834 · Cited by 162
Postpartum Depression : Causes and Consequences
O’Hara, M. W. (2011) · Cited by 145
Changes in Functional Status After Childbirth
Tulman, L. J., Fawcett, J., GROBLEWSKI, L., & SILVERMAN, L. (1990) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-199003000-00002 · Cited by 112
Early Postpartum Discharge: How Are Mothers Managing?
Fishbein, E. G., & Burggraf, E. (1998) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.1998.tb02604.x · Cited by 78
Mental Health Issues in African‐American Women
Chisholm, J. F. (1996) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb55644.x · Cited by 69
Warren, B. J. (1997) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/s0883-9417(97)80033-7 · Cited by 68
Coping with personal problems.
Broman, C. L. (1996) · Cited by 65
The Downward Spiral of Postpartum Depression
Wood, A., Thomas, S. P., Droppleman, P. G., & Meighan, M. M. (1997) · MCN The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing · doi:10.1097/00005721-199711000-00007 · Cited by 62
Logsdon, M. C., Birkimer, J. C., & Usui, W. M. (2000) · MCN The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing · doi:10.1097/00005721-200009000-00009 · Cited by 58
Mays, V. M., Caldwell, C. H., & Jackson, J. S. (1996) · Cited by 47
The comparison of postpartum with non-postpartum depression: a rose by any other name.
Whiffen, V. E. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 46
Cultural Context, Health and Health Care Decision Making
Wenger, A. F. Z. (1995) · Journal of Transcultural Nursing · doi:10.1177/104365969500700102 · Cited by 42
DEPRESSION in African-American Women
Warren, B. J. (1994) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/0279-3695-19940301-09 · Cited by 40
Postpartum depression : a comprehensive approach for nurses
Kendall-Tackett, K. A., & Kantor, G. K. (1993) · Cited by 29
Post-partum depression in Southern black women.
Fj, K., Lachenbruch, P. A., Lokey, L., Chafetz, N., Auman, R., Pocuis, L., & Ma, L. (1971) · PubMed · Cited by 5
Women and mental health: an introduction.
SECHZER, J. A., Pfafflin, S. M., Denmark, F. L., Griffin, A., & Sj, B. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 5
(1984) · Medical Entomology and Zoology
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dennis, C., & Chung‐Lee, L. (2006) · Birth · doi:10.1111/j.1523-536x.2006.00130.x · Cited by 881
Superwoman Schema: African American Women’s Views on Stress, Strength, and Health
Woods-Giscombé, C. L. (2010) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732310361892 · Cited by 802
“Other researchers (Amankwaa, 2003; Edge & Rogers, 2005) have not focused on the concept of strength, but obtained insight on the topic in the process of investigating other psychological or healthrelated phenomena.”
InfluentialYou Have to Show Strength: An Exploration of Gender, Race, and Depression
Beauboeuf-Lafontant, T. (2007) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/0891243206294108 · Cited by 385
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Postpartum Depression Care Among Low-Income Women
Kozhimannil, K. B., Trinacty, C. M., Busch, A. B., Huskamp, H. A., & Adams, A. S. (2011) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.62.6.pss6206_0619 · Cited by 331
Preferences and perceived barriers to treatment for depression during the perinatal period
O'Mahen, H. A., & Flynn, H. A. (2008) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2007.0631 · Cited by 277
Metadata
- Authors
- Amankwaa, L. C.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Amankwaa, Linda Clark
- Venue
- Issues in Mental Health Nursing
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 297-316
- ISSN
- 0161-2840 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-4673
- OpenAlex
- W2165456924
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 3.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Issues in Mental Health Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Keywords
- postpartum depression, African American women, lived experience of depression, coping with depression, Black women, help-seeking, maternal mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Black or African American, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Mother-Child Relations, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Social Support, Stereotyping, Stress, Psychological, United States, Depression, Postpartum, Qualitative Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review