The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Well-Calibrated Bayesian
Abstract
Suppose that a forecaster sequentially assigns probabilities to events. He is well calibrated if, for example, of those events to which he assigns a probability 30 percent, the long-run proportion that actually occurs turns out to be 30 percent. We prove a theorem to the effect that a coherent Bayesian expects to be well calibrated, and consider its destructive implications for the theory of coherence.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
An introduction to probability theory and its applications
(1958) · Journal of the Franklin Institute · doi:10.1016/0016-0032(58)90688-4 · Cited by 29,621
Jeffreys, H., Moran, P. A. P., & Chatfield, C. (1922) · Nature · doi:10.1038/109132a0 · Cited by 7,877
An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications.
Kingmán, J. F. C., & Feller, W. (1972) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2344620 · Cited by 5,297
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society.
(1921) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1093/ej/31.121.133 · Cited by 1,503
Sampling and Bayes' Inference in Scientific Modelling and Robustness
Box, G. E. P. (1980) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2982063 · Cited by 905
Calibration of Probabilities: The State of the Art
Lichtenstein, S., Fischhoff, B., & Phillips, L. (1977) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-1276-8_19 · Cited by 736
Two further applications of a model for binary regression
COX, D. R. (1958) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/45.3-4.562 · Cited by 556
Studies in Subjective Probability.
Hill, B. M., Kyburg, H. E., & Smokler, H. E. (1965) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2283162 · Cited by 549
Reliability of Subjective Probability Forecasts of Precipitation and Temperature
Murphy, A. H., & Winkler, R. L. (1977) · Applied Statistics · doi:10.2307/2346866 · Cited by 386
Combining Expert Judgments: A Bayesian Approach
Morris, P. A. (1977) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.23.7.679 · Cited by 356
On the Reconciliation of Probability Assessments
Lindley, D. V., Tversky, A., & Brown, R. V. (1979) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2345078 · Cited by 340
Comparison of Discrimination Techniques Applied to a Complex Data Set of Head Injured Patients
Titterington, D. M., Murray, G. D., Murray, L., Spiegelhalter, D. J., Skene, A. M., Habbema, J. D. F., & Gelpke, G. J. (1981) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2981918 · Cited by 305
Morris, P. A. (1974) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.20.9.1233 · Cited by 297
Coherence and the axioms of confirmation
Shimony, A. (1955) · Journal of Symbolic Logic · doi:10.2307/2268039 · Cited by 231
Fair bets and inductive probabilities
Kemeny, J. G. (1955) · Journal of Symbolic Logic · doi:10.2307/2268222 · Cited by 229
6. A Basic System of Inductive Logic Part II
Carnap, R. (1980) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/9780520318328-002 · Cited by 168
Conditional Independence for Statistical Operations
Dawid, A. P. (1980) · The Annals of Statistics · doi:10.1214/aos/1176345011 · Cited by 166
Self-citationOn confirmation and rational betting
Lehman, R. S. (1955) · Journal of Symbolic Logic · doi:10.2307/2268221 · Cited by 110
Verification of Probabilistic Predictions: A Brief Review
Murphy, A. H., & Epstein, E. S. (1967) · Journal of applied meteorology · doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1967)006 · Cited by 69
Some Recent Advances in Statistics.
Morgan, G. W., Oliveira, J. T. D. F., & Epstein, B. (1983) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.2307/2987553 · Cited by 58
Bayesian approach to Statistics
(2008) · Encyclopedia of Epidemiology · doi:10.4135/9781412953948.n34 · Cited by 33
Independence and Calibration in Decision Analysis
Harrison, J. M. (1977) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.24.3.320 · Cited by 33
Buehler, R. J. (1976) · The Annals of Statistics · doi:10.1214/aos/1176343641 · Cited by 24
Improving predictive distributions
DeGroot, M. H. (1980) · Trabajos de Estadistica y de Investigacion Operativa · doi:10.1007/bf02888361 · Cited by 6
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Carnap R., 1971, Studies in Subjective Logic and Probability, 35
- De Finetti B., 1975, Theory of Probability
- De Groot M. H., 1979, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 142, 172
- De Groot M. H., 1980, Bayesian Statistics, 385
- Pratt J. W., 1962, “Must Subjective Probabilities be Realized as Relative Frequencies?”
- Roberts, H. V. “On the Meaning of the Probability of Rain,”. Paper presented to First National Conference on Statistical Meteorology.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Prediction, Learning, and Games
Cesa‐Bianchi, N., & Lugosi, G. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511546921 · Cited by 3,338
“It was Dawid [80] who introduced the problem to the literature of mathematical statistics – see also Dawid’s related work on calibration and “prequential” statistics [81, 82, 84].”
BackgroundThe weighing of evidence and the determinants of confidence
Griffin, D., & Tversky, A. (1992) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(92)90013-r · Cited by 1,866
“This objection, however, overlooks the fact that a Bayesian expects to be calibrated (Dawid, 1982), hence the theory of subjective probability permits the comparison of confidence and accuracy.”
Probabilistic Forecasts, Calibration and Sharpness
Gneiting, T., Balabdaoui, F., & Raftery, A. E. (2007) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9868.2007.00587.x · Cited by 1,783
“Various researchers have studied calibration in the context of probability forecasts for sequences of binary events (DeGroot and Fienberg, 1982; Dawid, 1982, 1985a, b; Oakes, 1985; Schervish, 1985, 1989; Dawid and Vovk, 1999; Shafer and Vovk, 2001; Sandroni et al., 2003).”
BackgroundFeng, D., Haase-Schutz, C., Rosenbaum, L., Hertlein, H., Glaser, C., Timm, F., Wiesbeck, W., & Dietmayer, K. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2020.2972974 · Cited by 1,425
“empirical calibration curves [204] and log predictive probabilities.”
BackgroundForecast verification : a practitioner's guide in atmospheric science
Jolliffe, I., & Stephenson, D. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119960003 · Cited by 1,457
Metadata
- Authors
- Dawid, A. P.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Dawid, A. P.
- ORCID
- Dawid, A. P.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Statistical Association
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1982-09
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 379
- Pages
- 605-610
- ISSN
- 0162-1459 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-274X
- OpenAlex
- W2023943903
- Cited by
- 625
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 6.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Statistical Association (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Probability and Statistical Research
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Forecasting Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- well calibration, Bayesian forecasting, coherence, subjective probability, Dutch book argument
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review