The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Integrating Form and Meaning: A Distributed Model of Speech Perception
Abstract
We present a new distributed connectionist model of the perception of spoken words. The model employs a representation of speech that combines lexical information with abstract phonological information, with lexical access modelled as a direct mapping onto this single distributed representation. We first examine the integration of partial cues to phonological identity, showing that the model provides a sound basis for simulating phonetic and lexical decision data from Marslen-Wilson and Warren (1994). We then investigate the time course of lexical access, and argue that the process of competition between word candidates during lexical access can be interpreted in terms of interference between distributed lexical representations. The relation between our model and other models of spoken word recognition is discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition: Foundations
Rumelhart, D. E., McClelland, J. L., & AU (1986) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/5236.001.0001 · Cited by 15,686
Elman, J. L. (1990) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1402_1 · Cited by 11,212
A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming.
Seidenberg, M. S., & McClelland, J. L. (1989) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.4.523 · Cited by 3,909
The TRACE model of speech perception
McClelland, J. L., & Elman, J. L. (1986) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(86)90015-0 · Cited by 2,956
Understanding normal and impaired word reading: Computational principles in quasi-regular domains.
Plaut, D. C., McClelland, J. L., Seidenberg, M. S., & Patterson, K. (1996) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.1.56 · Cited by 2,698
Interaction of information in word recognition.
Morton, J. (1969) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0027366 · Cited by 2,151
Rumelhart, D. E., & McClelland, J. L. (1986) · The MIT Press eBooks · Cited by 2,133
On the proper treatment of connectionism
Smolensky, P. (1988) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00052432 · Cited by 2,085
Learning and development in neural networks: the importance of starting small
Elman, J. L. (1993) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(93)90058-4 · Cited by 1,988 · cited 1×
“This architecture has already proven valuable in the modelling of various aspects of speech perception (Elman, 1990, 1993; Norris, 1992, 1993).”
BackgroundProceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society
Rohde, H., Kehler, A., & Elman, J. L. (2007) · Cognitive Science · Cited by 1,782
Cited by
Toward a mechanistic psychology of dialogue.
Pickering, M. J., & Garrod, S. (2004) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x04000056 · Cited by 2,678
What do we mean by prediction in language comprehension?
Kuperberg, G. R., & Jaeger, T. F. (2016) · Language, Cognition and Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/23273798.2015.1102299 · Cited by 1,087
More than words: Frequency effects for multi-word phrases
Arnon, I., & Snider, N. (2010) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2009.09.005 · Cited by 791
Hierarchical Processing in Spoken Language Comprehension
Davis, M. H., & Johnsrude, I. S. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-08-03423.2003 · Cited by 772
Goodman, E. B. J. C. (1997) · Language and Cognitive Processes · doi:10.1080/016909697386628 · Cited by 731
Metadata
- Authors
- Gaskell, M. G., & Marslen-Wilson, W. D.
- Venue
- Language and Cognitive Processes
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1997-10
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 5-6
- Pages
- 613-656
- ISSN
- 0169-0965 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0732
- OpenAlex
- W2027315960
- Cited by
- 543
- References
- 63
- FWCI
- 10.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Integrating Form and Meaning: A Distributed Model of Speech Perception. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/016909697386646
- The paper
- Gaskell, M. G., & Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (1997). Integrating Form and Meaning: A Distributed Model of Speech Perception. Language and Cognitive Processes. https://doi.org/10.1080/016909697386646
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.