Cited by 26Sport Psychology and PerformanceMuscle activation and electromyography studiesSports Performance and Training

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The effects of imagery training on fast isometric knee extensor torque development

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de Ruiter, Cornelis J., Hutter, Vana, Icke, Chris, Groen, Bart, Gemmink, Anne, Smilde, Hiltsje, de Haan, Arnold·2012·Journal of Sports Sciences

Abstract

We hypothesized that imagery training would improve the fast onset of neuromuscular activation and thereby fast knee extensor isometric torque development. Forty young healthy participants, not involved in strength training, were assigned to one of four groups: physical training, imagery training, placebo training or control. The three training groups had three 15 min sessions per week for 4 weeks, with a 90 ° knee angle but were tested also at 120 °. At 90 ° knee angle, maximal torque increased (-8%) similarly in all three training groups. The torque-time integral (contractile impulse) over the first 40 ms after torque onset (TTI40) increased (P < 0.05) after physical training (by -100%), but only at 90 °. This increase was significantly different from the delta values (change pre to post) in the control and placebo groups, whereas delta values in the imagery group were similar to those in the placebo group. The increases in TTI40 following physical training were related (r (2) = 0.81, P < 0.05) to significant increases of knee extensor rectified surface EMG at torque onset (EMG40). In conclusion, only physical training led to a knee angle specific increase of contractile impulse that was significantly different from placebo and controls and that was related to improved onset of neuromuscular activation.

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Metadata

Authors
de Ruiter, C. J., Hutter, V., Icke, C., Groen, B., Gemmink, A., Smilde, H., & de Haan, A.
Affiliations
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
Venue
Journal of Sports Sciences
Published
2012-01
Volume
30
Issue
2
Pages
166-174
ISSN
  • 0264-0414 (ISSN-L)
  • 1466-447X
OpenAlex
W2087075340
Cited by
26
References
22
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
FWCI
2.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • Journal of Sports Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
imagery training, knee extension torque, surface electromyography, exercise training, isometric strength
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Isometric Contraction, Knee, Knee Joint, Male, Mental Processes, Nervous System Physiological Phenomena, Physical Education and Training, Muscle, Skeletal, Imagery, Psychotherapy, Torque, Lower Extremity, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training, Young Adult

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The effects of imagery training on fast isometric knee extensor torque development. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/02640414.2011.627369
The paper
de Ruiter, C. J., Hutter, V., Icke, C., Groen, B., Gemmink, A., Smilde, H., & de Haan, A. (2012). The effects of imagery training on fast isometric knee extensor torque development. Journal of Sports Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.627369