Warm-up strategies of professional soccer players: practitioners' perspectives
Open accessAbstract
Recent research has challenged the typical pre-match and half-time (HT) interval warm-up (WU) routines currently used by professional soccer players. This study surveyed 2010/11 season WU strategies and their underpinning scientific reasoning and situational factors via an internet-based questionnaire, which was distributed to English Premier League and Championship practitioners, of which 43% responded. The pre-match WU duration was 30.8 (8.2) min, ranging between 15-45 min, and 89% of practitioners administered a WU of ≥ 25 min. Respondents also reported a 12.4 (3.8) min period between the end of the WU and match kick-off. Eighty-nine per cent recognised the physiological benefits of re-WUs during this "down-time" period, with 63% instructing players to engage in such activity. During HT, 58% instructed players to re-WU either on the pitch or within stadia facilities, but "unwillingness of the coach/manager" (42%) and a "lack of time" (63%) were major constraints. Practitioners reported that 2.6 (1.6) min might be available for HT re-WUs. Factors such as match regulations, league policy, and stadia facilities were not generally considered as major barriers to the delivery of WUand re-WU strategies. We suggest that researchers consider the time-demands and barriers faced by practitioners whendeveloping experimental designs to examine WU regimens.
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Practitioners involved in delivery of half-time activities for soccer players perceive increased injury risk immediately after the half-time break.
“the perception of increased injury risk immediately after the half-time break is also shared by practitioners involved in the delivery of halftime activities for soccer players 1 .”
From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [1]
In soccer half-time, approximately 2 min consists of players making their way back to the changing rooms; tactical de-briefing and medical and nutritional practices occupy the most time (~5 min); and a ~3 min rewarm-up may precede the second half.
“Towlson et al. 1 reported that ~2 min of the soccer half-time period consists of player's making their way back to the changing rooms. Thereafter, although tactical de-briefing and medical and nutritional practices occupy the most time (~5 min), personal preparation, addressing playing kit/equipment concerns, receiving video feedback and player/coach interactions also occur during”
From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [1]
Only 58% of practitioners questioned have reported performing rewarm-up activities before the second half.
“only 58% of practitioners questioned have reported performing rewarm-up activities before the second half 1 .”
From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [1]
Soccer players primarily return to a dressing room to receive tactical discussion, provision of medical treatment, and consumption of nutritional ergogenic aids during the half-time break.
“Towlson et al. 1 reported that soccer players primarily return to a dressing room to receive tactical discussion, provision of medical treatment and consumption of nutritional ergogenic aids during the half-time break.”
From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [1]
Time pressures, cooperation of the coach/manager, and concerns over impairing a player's psychological preparations are barriers to the use of specific ergogenic strategies during the half-time period.
“as time pressures, cooperation of the coach/manager and concerns over impairing a player's psychological preparations have been cited as barriers to the use of specific ergogenic strategies during the half-time period 1”
From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [1]
Half-time often includes a period of tactical instruction, which may utilise video playback.
“Half-time often includes a period of tactical instruction, be it either individual or team-based, which may utilise video playback (Figure 1) 1 .”
From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [1]
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- Authors
- Towlson, C., Midgley, A. W., & Lovell, R.
- Affiliations
- a Sport, Health and Exercise Science , University of Hull , UK
- Edge Hill University (GB)
- Western Sydney University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Lovell, Ric
- Venue
- Journal of Sports Sciences
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-06-04
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1393-1401
- ISSN
- 0264-0414 (ISSN-L)
- 1466-447X
- OpenAlex
- W2032162467
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 6.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Sports Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository@Hull (Worktribe) (University of Hull) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository@Hull (Worktribe) (University of Hull) (submittedVersion)
- Edge Hill University Research Information Repository (Edge Hill University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Keywords
- warm-up strategies, professional football players, time constraints, English Premier League
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Surveys and Questionnaires, Science, Soccer, Internet, Athletic Performance, Warm-Up Exercise
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