The DOI matches its Crossref record; 74 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
What is the role of motor simulation in action and object recognition? Evidence from apraxia
Abstract
An important issue in contemporary cognitive neuroscience concerns the role of motor production processes in perceptual and conceptual analysis. To address this issue, we studied the performance of a large group of unilateral stroke patients across a range of tasks using the same set of common manipulable objects. All patients (n = 37) were tested for their ability to demonstrate the use of the objects, recognize the objects, recognize the corresponding object-associated pantomimes, and imitate those same pantomimes. At the group level we observed reliable correlations between object use and pantomime recognition, object use and object recognition, and pantomime imitation and pantomime recognition. At the single-case level, we document that the ability to recognize actions and objects dissociates from the ability to use those same objects. These data are problematic for the hypothesis that motor processes are constitutively involved in the recognition of actions and objects and frame new questions about the inferences that are merited by recent findings in cognitive neuroscience.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“not all patients with impairments in action production are also impaired in action recognition, suggesting that motor ability may not always predict this aspect of 'action understanding'”
From Mirror neurons: from origin to function (2014) · cites this paper as Negri et al., 2007
Citations
Cites
The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory
Oldfield, R. C. (1971) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4 · Cited by 35,900
Rizzolatti, G., & Craighero, L. (2004) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144230 · Cited by 7,433
Action recognition in the premotor cortex
Gallese, V., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., & Rizzolatti, G. (1996) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/119.2.593 · Cited by 4,968
Perception of the speech code.
Liberman, A. M., Cooper, F. S., Shankweiler, D. P., & Studdert-Kennedy, M. (1967) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0020279 · Cited by 3,722
Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action
Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35090060 · Cited by 3,302
L’examen Clinique en Psychologie
Rubé, P. (1959) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1959.13.4.989 · Cited by 3,299
Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading
Gallese, V (1998) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(98)01262-5 · Cited by 3,201
The Brain's concepts: the role of the Sensory-motor system in conceptual knowledge
Gallese †, V., & Lakoff, G. (2005) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643290442000310 · Cited by 2,726
Gazzaniga, M. S., & Bizzi, E. (2000) · Cited by 2,547
Motor facilitation during action observation: a magnetic stimulation study
Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Pavesi, G., & Rizzolatti, G. (1995) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.6.2608 · Cited by 2,297
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Howard , D. and Patterson , K. E. 1992 . The Pyramids and Palm Trees Test , Bury St, , Edmunds, UK : Thames Valley Test Co .
- Mahon , B. Z. and Caramazza , A. 2007 . Sensory-motor simulation and the grounding of conceptual content: The ghost in the motor system , Manuscript submitted for publication
- Warrington , E. K. 1996 . The Camden memory test , Hove, , UK : Psychology Press .
- Warrington , E. K. and James , M. 1991 . The Visual Object and Space Perception Battery , Bury St Edmunds, , UK : Thames Valley Test Company .
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 225
When does action comprehension need motor involvement? Evidence from upper limb aplasia
Vannuscorps, G., Andres, M., & Pillon, A. (2013) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643294.2013.853655 · Cited by 21
Action Observation for Neurorehabilitation in Apraxia
Pazzaglia, M., & Galli, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00309 · Cited by 22
Action Recognition: Is It a Motor Process?
Mahon, B. Z. (2008) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.001 · Cited by 21
Self-citationCarruthers, P. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198906131.001.0001 · Cited by 22
Gainotti, G. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00727 · Cited by 20
Four ways of (mis-)conceiving embodiment in tool use
Osiurak, F., & Federico, G. (2020) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-020-02960-1 · Cited by 22
Almeida, J., Amaral, L., Garcea, F. E., de Sousa, D. A., Xu, S., Mahon, B. Z., & Martins, I. P. (2018) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643294.2018.1463980 · Cited by 20
Self-citationMotor Simulation during Action Word Processing in Neurosurgical Patients
Tomasino, B., Ceschia, M., Fabbro, F., & Škrap, M. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00168 · Cited by 19
Characterising factors underlying praxis deficits in chronic left hemisphere stroke patients
Rounis, E., Halai, A. D., Pizzamiglio, G., & Ralph, M. A. L. (2021) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2021.04.019 · Cited by 19
The – weak – role of memory in tool use: Evidence from neurodegenerative diseases
Baumard, J., Lesourd, M., Remigereau, C., Merck, C., Jarry, C., Etcharry‐Bouyx, F., Chauviré, V., Belliard, S., Moreaud, O., Osiurak, F., et al. (2019) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.03.008 · Cited by 18
Vannuscorps, G., Andres, M., & Pillon, A. (2013) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2013.11.009 · Cited by 19
Naro, A., Maggio, M. G., Latella, D., Rosa, G. L., Sciarrone, F., Manuli, A., & Calabrò, R. S. (2021) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2021.1890595 · Cited by 19
Inborn and experience-dependent models of categorical brain organization. A position paper
Gainotti, G. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00002 · Cited by 17
Unconscious Effects of Action on Perception
Halász, V., & Cunnington, R. (2012) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci2020130 · Cited by 20
Make a gesture and I will tell you what you are miming. Pantomime recognition in healthy subjects
Osiurak, F., Jarry, C., Baltenneck, N., Boudin, B., & Gall, D. L. (2011) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2011.01.007 · Cited by 17
Orban, G. A., Ferri, S., & Platonov, A. (2019) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1226 · Cited by 17
An Introduction to the Philosophy of Psychology
Weiskopf, D. A., & Adams, F. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139019040 · Cited by 16
Lexical and gestural symbols in left-damaged patients
Papeo, L., & Rumiati, R. I. (2012) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2012.09.003 · Cited by 15
Self-citationAltered Perceptual Sensitivity to Kinematic Invariants in Parkinson's Disease
Dayan, E., Inzelberg, R., & Flash, T. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030369 · Cited by 15
An Emotion-Enriched Context Influences the Effect of Action Observation on Cortical Excitability
Lagravinese, G., Bisio, A., Ferrari, A. R. D., Pelosin, E., Ruggeri, P., Bove, M., & Avanzino, L. (2017) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00504 · Cited by 15
Cognition incarnée : un point de vue sur les représentations spatiales
Dutriaux, L., & Gyselinck, V. (2016) · L’Année psychologique · doi:10.3917/anpsy.163.0419 · Cited by 54
The Frames of Reference of the Motor-Visual Aftereffect
Barchiesi, G., Susan, W., & Cattaneo, L. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040892 · Cited by 14
The Semantics of Natural Objects and Tools in the Brain: A Combined Behavioral and MEG Study
Visani, E., Sebastiano, D. R., Duran, D., Garofalo, G., Magliocco, F., Silipo, F., & Buccino, G. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12010097 · Cited by 14
Pillon, A., & d’Honincthun, P. (2011) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643294.2011.615828 · Cited by 14
Disentangling representations of shape and action components in the tool network
Wang, X., Zhuang, T., Shen, J., & Bi, Y. (2018) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.05.026 · Cited by 13
Physical understanding in neurodegenerative diseases
Baumard, J., Lesourd, M., Guezouli, L., & Osiurak, F. (2021) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643294.2022.2071152 · Cited by 13
Activation of manipulation and function knowledge during visual search for objects.
Ruotolo, F., Kalénine, S., & Bartolo, A. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/xhp0000696 · Cited by 15
Vannuscorps, G., & Pillon, A. (2011) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.04.006 · Cited by 13
Harris, I. M., Murray, A. M., Hayward, W. G., O’Callaghan, C., & Andrews, S. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/a0029035 · Cited by 13
Critical Motor Involvement in Prediction of Human and Non-biological Motion Trajectories
de Wit, M. M., & Buxbaum, L. J. (2017) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617716001144 · Cited by 14
Neural correlates of acute apraxia: Evidence from lesion data and functional MRI in stroke patients
Dreßing, A., Kaller, C. P., Nitschke, K., Beume, L.-A., Kümmerer, D., Schmidt, C. S. M., Bormann, T., Umarova, R. M., Egger, K. E., Rijntjes, M., et al. (2019) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2019.05.005 · Cited by 12
Linking differences in action perception with differences in action execution
Macerollo, A., Bose, S., Ricciardi, L., Edwards, M. J., & Kilner, J. M. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu161 · Cited by 14
Age-related changes in arm–hand postural knowledge
Mozaz, M., Crucian, G. P., & Heilman, K. M. (2009) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643291003651571 · Cited by 12
Does what you hear predict what you will do and say?
Pazzaglia, M. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x12002804 · Cited by 11
Imitation and matching of meaningless gestures: distinct involvement from motor and visual imagery
Lesourd, M., Navarro, J., Baumard, J., Jarry, C., Gall, D. L., & Osiurak, F. (2016) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-016-0758-1 · Cited by 11
Francisco, V., Louis, F., Billot, M., Bourvellec, M. L., Decatoire, A., David, R., & Bidet-Ildei, C. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105826 · Cited by 10
Apraxia: Clinical Types, Theoretical Models, and Evaluation
Osiurak, F., & Gall, D. L. (2012) · HAL · doi:10.5772/47986 · Cited by 11
Conceptual- and production-related predictors of pantomimed tool use deficits in apraxia
Jax, S. A., Rosa-Leyra, D. L., & Buxbaum, L. J. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.07.014 · Cited by 10
Vannuscorps, G., & Caramazza, A. (2023) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsad046 · Cited by 9
Self-citationResearch on Embodied Theories of Conceptual Representation
Yin, R. L., Qu, F., & Ye, H. (2013) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2012.01372 · Cited by 9
What does it mean to predict one's own utterances?
Meyer, A. S., & Peter Hagoort, A. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x12002786 · Cited by 13
Maffei, V., Indovina, I., Mazzarella, E., Giusti, M. A., Macaluso, E., Lacquaniti, F., & Viviani, P. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234695 · Cited by 9
Valério, D., Santana, I. J., de Sousa, D. A., Schu, G. G., Leal, G., Martins, I. P., & Almeida, J. (2021) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2021.05.008 · Cited by 8
Physical reasoning is the missing link between action goals and kinematics
Fischer, J. (2023) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2023.08.017 · Cited by 8
Conceptual processing of action verbs with and without motor representations
Vannuscorps, G., & Caramazza, A. (2019) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643294.2020.1732319 · Cited by 7
Self-citationRofes, A., & Mahon, B. (2021) · Intraoperative Mapping of Cognitive Networks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-75071-8_11 · Cited by 5
Self-citationReply to Barbara Malt and Jesse Prinz
Machery, É. (2010) · Mind & Language · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0017.2010.01406.x · Cited by 8
Baumard, J., Lesourd, M., Remigereau, C., Laurent, L., Jarry, C., Etcharry‐Bouyx, F., Chauviré, V., Osiurak, F., & Gall, D. L. (2022) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643294.2022.2164487 · Cited by 7
Why motor simulation cannot explain affordance perception
Declerck, G. (2013) · Adaptive Behavior · doi:10.1177/1059712313488424 · Cited by 10
Typically Efficient Lipreading without Motor Simulation
Vannuscorps, G., Andres, M., Pereira, S. C., Rombaux, E., & Caramazza, A. (2021) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01666 · Cited by 7
Self-citationThe role of the motor system in action imagination and comprehension
DuPont, W. H., Madden-Lombardi, C., Perrone‐Bertolotti, M., Palluel-Germain, R., & Lebon, F. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106392 · Cited by 6
Memory Systems and the Mnemic Character of Procedural Memory
Najenson, J. (2021) · The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/715448 · Cited by 6
Baumard, J., Lanièpce, A., Lesourd, M., Guezouli, L., Beaucousin, V., Gehin, M., Osiurak, F., & Bartolo, A. (2024) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-024-09634-6 · Cited by 6
Mauri, I., Zanin, V., Aggujaro, S., Molteni, F., & Luzzatti, C. (2021) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2021.01.023 · Cited by 4
de Aguiar, V., & Rofes, A. (2022) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823493-8.00006-7 · Cited by 4
Gruber, D. (2016) · Journal of Science Communication · doi:10.22323/2.15020201 · Cited by 4
Wang, X., Li, G., Zhao, G., Li, Y., Wang, B., Lin, C., Liu, X., & Yanchao Bi, A. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-02824-9 · Cited by 4
Tabernero, M. E., & Politis, D. G. (2013) · Neurología Argentina · doi:10.1016/j.neuarg.2012.12.004 · Cited by 4
Limb apraxia and active inference in the visuomotor pathways
Proietti, R., Pezzulo, G., Binkofski, F., & Tessari, A. (2026) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-025-02852-w · Cited by 3
Cossini, F. C., Gómez, P., Rubinstein, W. Y., & Politis, D. G. (2016) · Neurología Argentina · doi:10.1016/j.neuarg.2016.04.005 · Cited by 3
Zahn, R., & Martin, R. C. (2024) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643294.2024.2366467 · Cited by 3
The Social Neuroscience of Social Cognition
Ito, T. A., & Kubota, J. T. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197763414.013.34 · Cited by 3
Understanding is not simulating: a reply to Gibbs and Perlman
Weiskopf, D. A. (2010) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A · doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2010.07.002 · Cited by 3
An analysis of conceptual ambiguities in the debate on the format of concepts
Raia, R. (2023) · Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11097-023-09938-7 · Cited by 3
Effortless facial expression recognition without motor simulation
Pereira, S. C., & Vannuscorps, G. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-29209-6 · Cited by 2
Impact of semantic similarity in novel associations: Direct and indirect routes to action
Macdonald, S. N., Richards, E. D., & Desmarais, G. (2015) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-015-1041-z · Cited by 2
Yiqi, S. O. N. G., & ZHANG, J. (2014) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2014.00216 · Cited by 2
Mahon, B. Z., Mead, J. A., Chernoff, B. L., Sims, M. H., Garcea, F. E., Prentiss, E., Belkhir, J. R., Haber, S., Gannon, S. B., Erickson, S., et al. (2019) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/59592 · Cited by 2
Self-citationThe significance of supramodality for embodied cognition: a commentary on Calzavarini (2024)
Machery, É. (2023) · Language Cognition and Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/23273798.2023.2247500 · Cited by 2
Carruthers, P. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198906131.003.0003 · Cited by 1
The cognitive neuropsychology of action semantics: A review
Lebkuecher, A. L., Coslett, H. B., & Buxbaum, L. J. (2025) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.008 · Cited by 2
Can we have direct access to other minds by “motor resonance”? A critical reassessment
Zhu, Z. H. A. O., Wei, C. H. E. N., Yin, W. A. N. G., & Li, Y. (2017) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/n972017-00253
Dove, G. O. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190061975.003.0008 · Cited by 1
Dove, G. O. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190061975.003.0001 · Cited by 1
A fist bump in a political meeting? The influence of social context on affordance selection
Guezouli, L., Roy, V., Bodoux, C., & Baumard, J. (2023) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106100 · Cited by 1
Instruction-induced modulation of the visual stream during gesture observation
Tomasino, B., Canderan, C., & Rumiati, R. I. (2025) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109078 · Cited by 1
Self-citationMaffei, R., Convertini, L. S., Quatraro, S., Ressa, S., & Velasco, A. (2015) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.1361 · Cited by 3
Mahon, B. Z., Mead, J. A., Chernoff, B. L., Sims, M. H., Garcea, F. E., Prentiss, E., Belkhir, J. R., Haber, S., Gannon, S. B., Erickson, S., et al. (2019) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/59592-v · Cited by 1
Self-citationEvans, V. (2009) · Language and Cognition · doi:10.1515/langcog.2009.013 · Cited by 1
Wurm, M. F., & Caramazza, A. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/361220 · Cited by 1
Self-citationCayol, Z. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/9065d90dz0542z42d3zbf7ezc3297a27ff6f · Cited by 1
Priest, L. (2014) · University of Huddersfield Repository (University of Huddersfield)
Action execution and recognition: a neuropsychological analysis
Bonivento, C. (2012) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
Gómez, P., & Politis, D. G. (2011) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
Danek, A. H., Gade, M., Lunardelli, A., & Rumiati, R. I. (2013) · Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology · doi:10.1097/wnn.0000000000000012
Self-citationOne step ahead: Investigating the influence of prior knowledge on the perception of others’ actions
Nicholson, T. (2015) · PEARL (University of Plymouth) · doi:10.24382/1462
The Tie between Action and Language Is in Our Imagination
Papeo, L. (2010) · SDL
Gómez, P., Politis, Y., Investigaciones Científicas, Y., & del Consejo, C. (2011)
The neural basis of object perception : dissociating action and semantic processing
Lau, J. K. L. (2016) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
Report The Sound of Actions in Apraxia
Pazzaglia, M., Pizzamiglio, L., Pes, E., Aglioti, S. M., & Neuropsicologia, C. R. (2015)
Efecto de la acción motora en la consolidación de las representaciones mentales
de la Cruz, C. A. V. (2020) · Gredos (University of Salamanca) · doi:10.14201/gredos.145315
Modality switches occur early and extend late in conceptual processing: Evidence from ERPsPreprint
Bernabeu, P. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/5gjvk
Uloga utjelovljenja u razumijevanju pojmova
Šetić, M. (2021) · Psihologijske teme · doi:10.31820/pt.30.2.12
Sivanantham, S. (2021) · Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka (Figshare) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.16946041
Language Is a Neuroenhancement
Dove, G. O. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190061975.003.0006
Dove, G. O. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190061975.003.0003
Metadata
- Authors
- Negri, G. A. L., Rumiati, R. I., Zadini, A., Ukmar, M., Mahon, B. Z., & Caramazza, A.
- Affiliations
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (IT)
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (IT)
- University of Trieste (IT)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Negri, Gioia A. L.
- Venue
- Cognitive Neuropsychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 795-816
- ISSN
- 0264-3294 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0627
- OpenAlex
- W2107226456
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 12.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cognitive Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SDL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (DC 04542, R01DC004542)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Keywords
- motor simulation, human action recognition, object recognition, apraxia, stroke, object use
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Anomia, Apraxias, Brain, Brain Damage, Chronic, Concept Formation, Dominance, Cerebral, Female, Humans, Imagination, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Psychometrics, Psychomotor Performance, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review