The DOI matches its Crossref record; 91 of the 91 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Caregiver burden, work-family conflict, family-work conflict, and mental health of caregivers: A mediational longitudinal study
Open accessAbstract
Caregivers are responsible for the care of another, such as a young adult, disabled child, elderly parent, or sick spouse. Individuals who have caregiving responsibilities must blend the often-contradictory behavioral expectations from the different roles in which they reside. Building on the theoretical foundations of Conservation of Resources theory, this study tests a mediational model explicating the process through which caregiver burden impacts mental health through work-family conflict among a community sample of 1,007 unpaid caregivers in the greater Chicago area who responded to a mail survey at three time points. Structural equation modeling analyses indicate strain-based conflict as being a consistent mediator between caregiver burden and mental health at baseline and two years later. These findings can inform practice and policy for workers with caregiving responsibilities.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Individuals who assume caregiving responsibilities inevitably face conflicting demands arising from the different roles they occupy (26).”
From Caring alone: older adult care burdens, practices, and structural imbalances among China's one-child generation (2025) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In this context, they face increasingly complex—and at times conflicting—roles (25, 26).”
From Caring alone: older adult care burdens, practices, and structural imbalances among China's one-child generation (2025) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Role conflict generates stress, as resources become scarce or depleted while trying to balance multiple roles. This can negatively affect caregivers’ psychological well-being, physical health, and financial stability (26, 46, 47).”
From Caring alone: older adult care burdens, practices, and structural imbalances among China's one-child generation (2025) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Caregivers who strive to balance these responsibilities are likely to exit the labor market, which for them means financial loss and interrupted personal development; for employers, it results in higher employee turnover and increased organizational costs; and for the country, it leads to a significant portion of the working-age population (26, 62, 63).”
From Caring alone: older adult care burdens, practices, and structural imbalances among China's one-child generation (2025) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.3.513 · Cited by 18,187
Sources of Conflict Between Work and Family Roles
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1985.4277352 · Cited by 10,048
Caregiving and the stress process: an overview of concepts and their measures
Pearlin, L. I., Mullan, J. T., Semple, S. J., & Skaff, M. M. (1990) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/30.5.583 · Cited by 4,810
Social and Psychological Resources and Adaptation
Hobfoll, S. E. (2002) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.6.4.307 · Cited by 4,594 · cited 2×
“In line with COR theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2002), the findings support the idea that as caregiving burden increases, the limited amount of time and energy available to spend on work role will decrease.”
BackgroundMethodWhen Work and Family are Allies: A Theory of Work-Family Enrichment
Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N. (2006) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2006.19379625 · Cited by 3,837
Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Testing a model of the work-family interface.
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1992) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.77.1.65 · Cited by 2,910
Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2003) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.18.2.250 · Cited by 2,857
Construction and Initial Validation of a Multidimensional Measure of Work–Family Conflict
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., & Williams, L. J. (2000) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1006/jvbe.1999.1713 · Cited by 2,689
Toward a Theory of Role Accumulation
Sieber, S. D. (1974) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2094422 · Cited by 1,722
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Azarnoff R. S., 1988, Personnel Journal, 9, 60
- Duxbury L., 2011, Journal of Prevention Assessment & Rehabilitation, 40, 29
- 10.1037/1076-8998.1.1.57 · DOI
- Hobfoll S. E., 2000, Handbook of organization behavior, 57
- Keeling S., 2008, Aging and caring at the interaction of work and home life: Blurring the boundaries, 129
- McDaniel K. R., 2012, Journal of Life Care Planning, 10, 21
- McNair D. M., 1981, Profile of mood states
- Nguyen M., 2009, Medsurg Nursing, 18, 147
- Population Reference Bureau. (2015). Population bulletin. Aging in the US. https://www.prb.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/aging-us-population-bulletin-1.pdf
- Smith P. R., 2004, Berkeley Journal of Employment & Labor Law, 25, 351
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A network analysis of anxiety and depression symptoms in Chinese disabled elderly
Zhang, P., Wang, L., Zhou, Q., Dong, X., Guo, Y., Wang, P., He, W., Wang, R., Wu, T., Yao, Z., et al. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.065 · Cited by 177
Mental Health and Mental Illness in Organizations: A Review, Comparison, and Extension
Rosado-Solomon, E., Koopmann, J. M., Lee, W., & Cronin, M. A. (2023) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2021.0211 · Cited by 82
Gillet, N., Austin, S., Fernet, C., Sandrin, É., Lorho, F., Brault, S., Becker, M., & Aubouin-Bonnaventure, J. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.15791 · Cited by 44
Blom, R., Jaspers, E., Knies, E., & van der Lippe, T. (2025) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2025.104091 · Cited by 41
Work-family conflict, subjective well-being, burnout, and their effects on presenteeism
Özduran, A., Saydam, M. B., Eluwole, K. K., & Mertens, E. U. (2023) · Service Industries Journal · doi:10.1080/02642069.2023.2209507 · Cited by 41
Metadata
- Authors
- Kayaalp, A., Page, K. J., & Rospenda, K. M.
- Affiliations
- South Dakota State University (US)
- American Family Insurance, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kayaalp, Alper
- Venue
- Work & Stress
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-10-14
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 217-240
- ISSN
- 0267-8373 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-5335
- PMC
- PMC8412180
- OpenAlex
- W3092860244
- Cited by
- 177
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 16.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Work & Stress (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
- NIAAA
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Work-Family Balance Challenges
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing care and research
- Keywords
- caregiver burden, work-family conflict, family-work conflict, mental health, informal caregivers, conservation of resources theory, strain-based conflict, mediation, role conflict, community caregivers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
