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Outcome following traumatic brain injury: a comparison between 2 and 5 years after injury
Abstract
This study examined long-term outcome in traumatically brain-injured individuals following discharge from a comprehensive rehabilitation programme. Of 254 traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients reviewed at 2 years, 103 have been followed up at 5 years using a structured interview format detailing neurological symptoms, mobility, independence in ADL, productivity status, relationship issues, communication and the presence of cognitive, behavioural and emotional changes. Visual difficulties, headache and fatigue were persistent in a significant number of patients. Between 2 and 5 years there was increased independence in personal, domestic and community ADL and the use of transport. Ten more patients had returned to driving. On the other hand there was a slightly higher incidence of cognitive, behavioural and emotional changes reported at 5 years. Thirty-two per cent of those working at 2 years were not employed at 5 years. Many students had also become unemployed. These findings suggest the need for intermittent lifelong intervention following TBI. Systems of rehabilitation need to be adapted to provide this.
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“and neuropsychiatric complications (31).”
From Post-Traumatic Hypopituitarism—Who Should Be Screened, When, and How? (2018) · cites this paper as [31]
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Metadata
- Authors
- OLVER, J. H., PONSFORD, J. L., & CURRAN, C. A.
- Venue
- Brain Injury
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1996-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 841-848
- ISSN
- 0269-9052 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-301X
- OpenAlex
- W2159682487
- Cited by
- 503
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 3.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Injury (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Keywords
- traumatic brain injury, long-term outcomes, rehabilitation, activities of daily living, return to work, employment, driving, cognitive impairment, vision problems, headache, fatigue, follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Brain Damage, Chronic, Brain Injuries, Child, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neurologic Examination, Rehabilitation, Vocational, Social Adjustment, Treatment Outcome
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