The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of rumination and distraction on naturally occurring depressed mood
Abstract
Mildly-to-moderately depressed and nondepressed subjects were randomly assigned to spend 8 minutes focusing their attention on their current feeling states and personal characteristics (rumination condition) or on descriptions of geographic locations and objects (distraction condition). Depressed subjects in the rumination condition became significantly more depressed, whereas depressed subjects in the distraction condition became significantly less depressed. Rumination and distraction did not affect the moods of nondepressed subjects. These results support the hypothesis that ruminative responses to depressed mood exacerbate and prolong depressed mood. whereas distracting response shorten depressed mood.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This finding also appears in line with previous research, where significant positive association between rumination and depression,62–65 as well as negative association between cognitive fusion and decentring (a process like cognitive defusion) and depression have been observed.58,62,66,67”
From Preliminary investigation of the associations between psychological flexibility, symptoms and daily functioning in people with chronic abdominal pain (2021) · cites this paper as [65]
In the citing paper
“rumination over negative emotional events prolongs angry and depressed affective states (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1993; Rusting & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998)”
From The Affective Style Questionnaire: Development and Psychometric Properties (2010) · cites this paper as Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1993
Citations
Cites
Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.100.4.569 · Cited by 4,529
Self-citationBower, G. H. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.2.129 · Cited by 4,154
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.115 · Cited by 3,276
Self-citationOrigins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view.
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.97.1.19 · Cited by 2,726
Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory.
Nolen–Hoeksema, S. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.259 · Cited by 2,001
Self-citationAssessment of Depression: The Depression Inventory
Beck, A. T., & Beamesderfer, A. (2015) · Modern problems of pharmacopsychiatry/Modern trends in pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1159/000395074 · Cited by 1,860
Screening Depressed Patients in Family Practice
Beck, A. T., & Beck, R. W. (1972) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.1972.11713319 · Cited by 1,836
Blaney, P. H. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.2.229 · Cited by 1,739
Theoretical Issues in Behavior Therapy
Reiss, S., & Bootzin, R. R. (1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,461
Thinking too much: Introspection can reduce the quality of preferences and decisions.
Wilson, T. D., & Schooler, J. W. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.2.181 · Cited by 1,417
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Beck A. T., 1974, Psychological measurements in psychopharmacology and modern pharmocopsychiatry
- Nolen‐Hoeksema S., Ruminations, self‐evaluations, and depressed moods Tests of alternate predictions.
- Nolen‐Hoeksema S., Coping with negative emotion following loss.
- Zuckerman M., 1965, Manual for the multiple affect adjective checklist
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x · Cited by 5,172
Self-citationConstructive and unconstructive repetitive thought
Watkins, E. R. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.163 · Cited by 2,421
Putting Time in Perspective: A Valid, Reliable Individual-Differences Metric
Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (2015) · Time Perspective Theory; Review, Research and Application · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07368-2_2 · Cited by 2,147
Webb, T. L., Miles, E., & Sheeran, P. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0027600 · Cited by 2,006
“…S4 Cont3 20 20 0.00 Najmi et al. (2009) 1 Anxiety R1 S3 20 0.38 Najmi et al. (2009) 1 Anxiety S3 D1 20 0.22 Najmi et al. (2009) 1 Anxiety R1 D1 20 0.20 Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow (1993) 1 None D3 C3 12 12 0.31 Ochsner et al. (2002) 1 Negative affect R4 Cont4 15 1.49 Ochsner et al. (2004) 1 Negative…”
ResultInfluentialThe psychology of emotion regulation: An integrative review
Koole, S. L. (2009) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930802619031 · Cited by 1,490
Metadata
- Authors
- Nolen-hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J.
- Affiliations
- Vassar College (US)
- ORCID
- Morrow, Jannay
- Venue
- Cognition and Emotion
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1993-11
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 561-570
- ISSN
- 0269-9931 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0600
- OpenAlex
- W1987827459
- Cited by
- 1,000
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 5.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cognition & Emotion (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- rumination, distraction, depressive mood, mood regulation, attentional focus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
