The DOI matches its Crossref record; 74 of the 74 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Intrapersonal Functions of Emotion
Abstract
a re the funct io ns o f emo tion? ’ ’ T h e o pen ing pa ragraph (p. 123) o f my respo nse st ill cap tu res t he essence o f my view: Emotions are shor t-lived psycho logical-physiological phenomena tha t repre-
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Lazarus, R. S. (1991) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195069945.001.0001 · Cited by 12,691
An argument for basic emotions
Ekman, P. (1992) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699939208411068 · Cited by 9,646
An alternative "description of personality": The Big-Five factor structure.
Goldberg, L. R. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.59.6.1216 · Cited by 6,652
What good are positive emotions?
Fredrickson, B. L. (1998) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300 · Cited by 6,066
Emotion Work, Feeling Rules, and Social Structure
Hochschild, A. R. (1979) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/227049 · Cited by 5,962
The contemporary theory of metaphor
Lakoff, G. (1993) · Metaphor and Thought · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139173865.013 · Cited by 5,349
Gross, J. J. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.74.1.224 · Cited by 4,671 · cited 1×
“On the other hand, input-side suppression (i.e. telling subjects to reappraise an emotion-eliciting situation) reduces behavioural manifestations of the emotion as well as subjective emotional experience without exacting this large physiological cost (Gross, 1998).”
BackgroundBower, G. H. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.2.129 · Cited by 4,154
Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion.
Smith, C. A., & Ellsworth, P. C. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.48.4.813 · Cited by 4,045
Review of personality and social psychology
Wheeler, L. S., & Shaver, P. R. (1980) · UMI Books on Demand · Cited by 3,593
Research works printed but not linked: 18
- 10.1037/0012-1649.34.4.616 · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.34.4.616
- 10.1037/0022-3514.58.2.330 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.2.330 · Paper page
- Ekman P., 1984, Approaches to emotion, 319
- 10.1037//1089-2680.2.3.300 · DOI · Paper page
- Frijda N. H., 1986, The emotions
- 10.1037/0022-3514.59.6.1216 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59.6.1216 · Paper page
- Gray J. A., 1986, Physiological correlates of human behaviour: Vol. 3. Individual differences and psychopathology, 31
- 10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.224 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.224 · Paper page
- 10.1037/0882-7974.12.4.590 · DOI · Paper page
- Izard C. E., 1971, The face of emotion
- 10.1037/0033-295X.100.1.68 · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.100.1.68 · Paper page
- LeDoux J. E., 1994, The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions, 270
- Levenson R. W., 1994, The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions, 123
- 10.1037/0022-3514.67.1.56 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0022-3514.37.6.970 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.6.970 · Paper page
- 10.1037/0022-3514.48.4.813 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.4.813 · Paper page
- Spielberger C. D., 1991, Stress and emotion: Anxiety, anger, and curiosity: Vol. 14. The series in clinical psychology and The series in stress and emotion: Anxiety, anger, and curiosity, 265
- 10.1037/0003-066X.39.2.117 · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.39.2.117 · Paper page
Cited by
(2007) · Cited by 3,233
Anger is an approach-related affect: Evidence and implications.
Carver, C. S., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2009) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0013965 · Cited by 1,746
TARGET ARTICLE: "Putting the Self Into Self-Conscious Emotions: A Theoretical Model"
Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2004) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1502_01 · Cited by 1,445
Is the desire for status a fundamental human motive? A review of the empirical literature.
Anderson, C., Hildreth, J. A. D., & Howland, L. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0038781 · Cited by 1,133
Basic Emotions, Natural Kinds, Emotion Schemas, and a New Paradigm
Izard, C. E. (2007) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00044.x · Cited by 1,110
Metadata
- Authors
- Levenson, R. W.
- Venue
- Cognition & Emotion
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1999-09
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 481-504
- ISSN
- 0269-9931 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0600
- OpenAlex
- W2026988541
- Cited by
- 458
- References
- 74
- FWCI
- 5.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Intrapersonal Functions of Emotion. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/026999399379159
- The paper
- Levenson, R. W. (1999). The Intrapersonal Functions of Emotion. Cognition & Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999399379159
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.