TGFβ2 Regulates Human Trabecular Meshwork Cell Contractility via ERK and ROCK Pathways with Distinct Signaling Crosstalk Dependent on the Culture Substrate
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Abstract
Purpose Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGFβ2) is a major contributor to the pathologic changes occurring in human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). TGFβ2 activates extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) signaling pathways, both affecting HTM cell behavior. However, exactly how these signaling pathways converge to regulate HTM cell contractility is unclear. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying TGFβ2-induced pathologic HTM cell contractility, and the crosstalk between ERK and ROCK signaling pathways with different culture substrates.Methods Hydrogels were engineered by mixing collagen type I, elastin-like polypeptide, and hyaluronic acid, each containing photoactive functional groups, followed by UV crosslinking. Primary HTM cells were seeded atop pre-formed hydrogels for comparisons with glass, or encapsulated within the hydrogels. Changes in actin cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix (ECM) production, phospho-myosin light chain (p-MLC) levels, and hydrogel contraction were assessed.Results HTM cell morphology and filamentous (F)-actin organization were affected by the underlying culture substrates. TGFβ2 increased HTM cell contractility via ERK and ROCK signaling pathways by differentially regulating F-actin, α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), fibronectin (FN), and p-MLC in HTM cells. ERK inhibition, even as short as 4 h, further increased TGFβ2-induced p-MLC in HTM cells on hydrogels, but not on glass. This translated into hypercontractility of HTM cell-laden hydrogels. ROCK inhibition had precisely the opposite effects and potently relaxed the TGFβ2-induced hydrogels.Conclusions Our data suggest that ERK signaling negatively regulates ROCK-mediated HTM cell contractility. These findings emphasize the critical importance of using tissue-mimetic ECM substrates for investigating HTM cell physiology and glaucomatous pathophysiology in vitro.
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ERK signaling negatively regulated the Rho-kinase-mediated human trabecular meshwork cell contractility, a feature related to primary open-angle glaucoma.
“ERK signaling negatively regulated the Rho-kinase-mediated human trabecular meshwork cell contractility, a feature related to primary open-angle glaucoma [ 127 ]”
From MAPK Pathways in Ocular Pathophysiology: Potential Therapeutic Drugs and Challenges (2023) · cites this paper as [127]
The Abstract Conclusions state that the data suggest ERK signaling negatively regulates ROCK-mediated human trabecular meshwork cell contractility. The Results and Discussion limit this finding to TGFβ2-stimulated cells in tissue-mimetic hydrogels; the Discussion reports that ERK inhibition did not have the same effect on cells grown on glass. The citing sentence omits that substrate dependence and states the proposed relationship as fact. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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MAPK Pathways in Ocular Pathophysiology: Potential Therapeutic Drugs and Challenges
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“Meanwhile, ERK signaling negatively regulated the Rho-kinasemediated human trabecular meshwork cell contractility, a feature related to primary openangle glaucoma [127].”
Background
- Authors
- Li, H., Henty-Ridilla, J. L., Bernstein, A. M., Ganapathy, P. S., & Herberg, S.
- Affiliations
- SUNY Upstate Medical University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Herberg, Samuel
- Venue
- Current Eye Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2022-05-19
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1165-1178
- ISSN
- 0271-3683 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2202
- PMC
- PMC9782738
- OpenAlex
- W4225080748
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6
- FWCI
- 4.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Current Eye Research (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (GM133485, R01EY030567, K08EY031755)
- Merit Review Award (I01 BX005360)
- United States Department of Veteran’s Affairs
- American Glaucoma Society
- Syracuse University BioInspired Pilot Grant
- SUNY Upstate Medical University Department of Ophthalmology
- Visual Sciences from Research to Prevent Blindness
- Lions Region 20-Y1
- RPB Career Development Awards
- Harper-Inglis Memorial for Eye Research
- The Peierls Foundation
- That Man May See, and Research to Prevent Blindness.
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Glaucoma and retinal disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › TGF-β signaling in diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Keywords
- TGF-beta2, human trabecular meshwork cells, cell contractility, ERK signaling, ROCK signaling, signaling crosstalk, culture substrate, hydrogels, actin cytoskeleton, myosin light chain phosphorylation, alpha-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, extracellular matrix, primary open-angle glaucoma
- MeSH terms
- Actins, Cells, Cultured, Glaucoma, Open-Angle, Humans, Trabecular Meshwork, Signal Transduction, Hydrogels, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases, Transforming Growth Factor beta2
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