Time from submission to publication varied widely for biomedical journals: a systematic review
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Fast dissemination of research is important for improving treatments and thus benefitting patients, caregivers, and researchers. However, getting scientific papers published may take a long time. The editorial handling time can be delayed by several processes both before and after acceptance of the paper. The aim of this study was to systematically review the editorial handling time of biomedical peer-reviewed literature (i.e. time from submission to publication). METHODS: The protocol for this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020196238). PubMed and EMBASE were searched systematically on 29 May 2020. We included publications on the timespan between submission and publication for accepted articles published in biomedical journals. RESULTS: Of the 4197 unique studies identified in the search, 69 were included in the systematic review. The mean timespan from submission to publication varied from 91 to 639 days, while the median timespan varied from 70 to 558 days. Submission to acceptance and acceptance to publication timespans showed similar disparity with means ranging from 50 to 276 and 11 to 362 days, respectively. Data were too statistically heterogeneous to perform meta-analyses. CONCLUSION: Editorial handling times of journals varied widely from a few months to almost two years, which delays the availability of new evidence. The editorial handling time did not differ between submission-to-acceptance-time and acceptance-to-publication-time. Examining differences in editorial processes between journals with long and short editorial handling times may help uncover, which processes are frequent causes of delay and thereby where to improve.
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Because LLMs became widely available in late 2022 and 2023, and journals take 100-200 days from submission to publication, LLM-assisted papers would start appearing in PubMed Central around mid-2024.
“LLMs became broadly available in late 2022 and 2023; with submission-to-publication times of 100-200 days, 9 LLM-assisted papers would appear in PubMed Central from mid-2024 onward.”
From Fabricated citations: an audit across 2·5 million biomedical papers (2026) · cites this paper as [9]
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- Authors
- Andersen, M. Z., Fonnes, S., & Rosenberg, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Andersen, Mikkel Zola
- Venue
- Current Medical Research and Opinion
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2021-04-06
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 985-993
- ISSN
- 0300-7995 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-4877
- OpenAlex
- W3139283698
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 1.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Medical Research and Opinion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Academic Publishing and Open Access
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Publishing and Scholarly Communication
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Academic Writing and Publishing
- Keywords
- peer review, biomedical journals, time to publication, scholarly publishing
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Periodicals as Topic, Time Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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