The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Maximizing shareholder value: a new ideology for corporate governance
Abstract
The decade-long boom in the US stock market and the more recent boom in the US economy have fostered widespread belief in the economic benefits of the maximization of shareholder value as a principle of corporate governance. In this paper, we provide an historical analysis of the rise of shareholder value as a principle of corporate governance in the United States, tracing the transformation of US corporate strategy from an orientation towards retention of corporate earnings and reinvestment in corporate growth through the 1970s to one of downsizing of corporate labour forces and distribution of corporate earnings to shareholders over the past two decades. We then consider the recent performance of the US economy, and raise questions about the relation between the maximization of shareholder value and the sustainability of economic prosperity.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“For instance, Lazonick and O'Sullivan (2000) note that the behaviors of firms in the post-1980s have changed towards more oriented to the maximization of shareholder value and have entrenched as a principle of corporate governance.”
From Financialization and the Labor Share of Income (2019) · cites this paper as Lazonick and O'Sullivan (2000)
In the citing paper
“The 'real' sector is also increasingly embracing rent extraction business models”
From Mapping modern economic rents: the good, the bad, and the grey areas (2023) · cites this paper as Lazonick and O'Sullivan, 2000
In the citing paper
“In particular, modern shareholders (or more precise the funds that manage shares) have come to place a strong emphasis on the short-term value of the companies' share price above and beyond long-term investments (Lazonick and O'Sullivan, 2000;Haldane, 2011).”
From Mapping modern economic rents: the good, the bad, and the grey areas (2023) · cites this paper as Lazonick and O'Sullivan, 2000
Citations
Cites
Stock Ownership Patterns, Stock Market Fluctuations, and Consumption
Poterba, J. M., Samwick, A., Shleifer, A., & Shiller, R. J. (1995) · Brookings Papers on Economic Activity · doi:10.2307/2534614 · Cited by 331
The Changing Face of Job Loss in the United States, 1981-1995
Farber, H. S., Haltiwanger, J., & Abraham, K. G. (1997) · Brookings Papers on Economic Activity Microeconomics · doi:10.2307/2534755 · Cited by 303
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- London: Penguin.
- Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Washington, DC: AEI Press.
- American Economic Review 63: 134-9.
- Accounts, Flows and Outstandings, Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. US Bureau of Labor Statistics (various years) Employment and Earnings, Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. US Bureau of the Census (1976) Historical Statistics of the United States from the Colonial Times to the Present, Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. US Congress (various years) Economic Report of the President, Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. US Department of Commerce (various years) Statistical Abstract of the United States, Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. Weinstein, M. and Kochan, T. (1995) ‘The limits of diffusion: recent developments in industrial relations and human resource practices’, in R. Locke, T. Kochan and M. Piore (eds) Employment Relations in a Changing World, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 999
Kollmeyer, C. J. (2017) · International Journal of Comparative Sociology · doi:10.1177/0020715217695376 · Cited by 19
Millions of Acres, Billions of Trees: Socioecological Impacts of Shifting Timberland Ownership
Gunnoe, A., Bailey, C., & Ameyaw, L. (2018) · Rural Sociology · doi:10.1111/ruso.12210 · Cited by 18
German Socially Responsible Investment: Barriers and Opportunities
Preu, F. J., & Richardson, B. J. (2011) · German Law Journal · doi:10.1017/s2071832200017132 · Cited by 18
Finance and Sustainability: Towards a New Paradigm? A Post-Crisis Agenda
Barreau, J., & Arnal, J. (2011) · Critical studies on corporate responsibility, governance and sustainability · doi:10.1108/s2043-9059(2011)0000002023 · Cited by 18
Garnett, P., Mollan, S., & Richards, B. (2024) · Business History · doi:10.1080/00076791.2024.2321918 · Cited by 17
Economic Policies for Innovative Enterprises: Implementing Multi-Stakeholder Corporate Governance
Palladino, L. M. (2021) · Review of Radical Political Economics · doi:10.1177/04866134211026691 · Cited by 17
Financial production and the subprime mortgage crisis
Tori, D., Caverzasi, E., & Gallegati, M. (2023) · Journal of Evolutionary Economics · doi:10.1007/s00191-023-00812-y · Cited by 17
Multi‐Temporality and the Ghostly: How Communing with Times Past Informs Organizational Futures
Maclean, M., Harvey, C. E., Suddaby, R., & Coraiola, D. M. (2023) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.13022 · Cited by 19
Finance as a form of economic planning
Sorg, C. (2023) · Competition & Change · doi:10.1177/10245294231217578 · Cited by 17
Rochon, L., & Rossi, S. (2010) · International Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.2753/ijp0891-1916390201 · Cited by 17
Boundary-spanning and boundary-buffering in global markets
Lehrer, M., & Celo, S. (2017) · Review of International Business and Strategy · doi:10.1108/ribs-09-2016-0053 · Cited by 17
Die Politische Ökonomie der Finanzialisierung.
Heires, M., & Nölke, A. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-03778-9_1 · Cited by 17
The Shareholder Value Principle: The Governance and Control of Corporations in the United States
Shin, T. (2013) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12076 · Cited by 17
Ettlinger, N. (2008) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/0309132507083506 · Cited by 17
Financial hegemony and the unachieved European state
Durand, C., & Keucheyan, R. (2015) · Competition & Change · doi:10.1177/1024529415571870 · Cited by 17
Irrational exuberance and stock market valuations: evidence from China
Xiao, F. (2007) · Journal of Post Keynesian Economics · doi:10.2753/pke0160-3477290206 · Cited by 17
Maclean, M. (2024) · Academy of Management Learning and Education · doi:10.5465/amle.2024.0213 · Cited by 17
What is required for a post-growth model?
Eynde, R. V., Dillman, K. J., Vogel, J., & O’Neill, D. W. (2026) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108928 · Cited by 16
Kimiagari, S., Keivanpour, S., Mohiuddin, M., & Horne, C. V. (2013) · International Journal of Business and Management · doi:10.5539/ijbm.v8n22p50 · Cited by 17
Investing for a Property-Owning Democracy? Towards a Philosophical Analysis of Investment Practices
Marti, E. (2013) · Analyse & Kritik · doi:10.1515/auk-2013-0117 · Cited by 16
Financialization at a watershed in the USA
Lapavitsas, C., & Mendieta‐Muñoz, I. (2018) · Competition & Change · doi:10.1177/1024529418769472 · Cited by 16
Sestelo, J. A. D. F., Cardoso, A. M., Braga, I. F., Mattos, L. V., & Andrietta, L. S. (2017) · Economia e Sociedade · doi:10.1590/1982-3533.2017v26n4art10 · Cited by 16
Selling Milan in pieces: the finance-led production of urban spaces
Mosciaro, M. (2020) · European Planning Studies · doi:10.1080/09654313.2020.1735309 · Cited by 16
Keenan, L., Monteath, T., & Wójcik, D. (2022) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1177/0308518x221115739 · Cited by 16
How accounting creates performative moments and performative momentum
Christner, C. H., & Sjögren, E. (2022) · Accounting Auditing & Accountability Journal · doi:10.1108/aaaj-02-2018-3378 · Cited by 16
Li, B., & Zhang, D. (2023) · Managerial and Decision Economics · doi:10.1002/mde.3871 · Cited by 16
Investisseurs institutionnels non-résidents, corporate governance et stratégies d’entreprise
Lantenois, C., & Coriat, B. (2011) · Revue d économie industrielle · doi:10.4000/rei.4994 · Cited by 16
Inequality, financialization, and the US current account deficit
Ivanova, M. N. (2019) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dtz005 · Cited by 18
Turbulence in UK Public House Retailing: Ramifications and Responses
Preece, D. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137466181_13 · Cited by 16
Ownership Effects on Unrelated Diversification: An Institutions’ Perspective
Kavadis, N., & Castañer, X. (2014) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s0742-332220140000031007 · Cited by 16
Financial regimes, financialization patterns and industrial performances: preliminary remarks
Giovanni Dosi, A., Revest, V., & Sapio, A. (2016) · Revue d économie industrielle · doi:10.4000/rei.6329 · Cited by 16
Non-financial Reporting. Conceptual Framework, Regulation and Practice
Aluchna, M., & Roszkowska‐Menkes, M. (2018) · CSR, sustainability, ethics & governance · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-00440-8_14 · Cited by 16
Citadels of privilege: the rise of LLCs, LPs and the perpetuation of elite power in America
Soener, M., & Nau, M. (2019) · Economy and Society · doi:10.1080/03085147.2019.1626629 · Cited by 18
Planetary Boundaries and Corporate Reporting: The Role of the Conceptual Basis of the Corporation
Veldman, J., & Jansson, A. (2020) · Accounting Economics and Law - A Convivium · doi:10.1515/ael-2018-0037 · Cited by 16
Who Runs the Firm? A Long-Term Analysis of Gender Inequality on Swiss Corporate Boards
Ginalski, S. (2020) · Enterprise & Society · doi:10.1017/eso.2019.64 · Cited by 16
Chanatup, S., Aujirapongpan, S., & Ritkaew, S. (2020) · Journal of Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues · doi:10.9770/jesi.2020.7.4(16 · Cited by 16
Zhang, Y., & Dong, C. (2021) · Journal of Global Responsibility · doi:10.1108/jgr-08-2020-0084 · Cited by 16
The impact of financialisation on public health in times of COVID‐19 and beyond
Gouzoulis, G., & Galanis, G. (2021) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13305 · Cited by 17
The Contribution of Shareholder Primacy to the Racial Wealth Gap
Palladino, L. M. (2022) · The Review of Black Political Economy · doi:10.1177/00346446221094868 · Cited by 16
Systemic Failure of Private Banking: A Case for Public Banks
Lapavitsas, C. (2010) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230285415_5 · Cited by 16
Dynamics of corporate social responsibility: towards a new ‘conception of control’?
Lamarche, T., & Rubinstein, M. (2011) · Journal of Institutional Economics · doi:10.1017/s174413741100049x · Cited by 17
When Managerial Capitalism Embraced Shareholder-Value Ideology
Lazonick, W. H. (2015) · International Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1080/08911916.2015.1060826 · Cited by 16
Self-citationVariétés de financiarisation et accroissement des inégalités
Godechot, O. (2015) · Revue Française de Socio-Économie · doi:10.3917/rfse.hs1.0051 · Cited by 16
Varieties of capitalism and the corporate use of history: the Japanese experience
Donzé, P., & Smith, A. D. A. (2018) · Management & Organizational History · doi:10.1080/17449359.2018.1547648 · Cited by 16
Debt struggles: How financial markets gave birth to a working-class movement
Ravelli, Q. (2019) · Socio-Economic Review · doi:10.1093/ser/mwz033 · Cited by 16
Klebaner, S., & Montalban, M. (2020) · Review of Political Economy · doi:10.1080/09538259.2019.1674484 · Cited by 16
Financialization and Economic Growth in Developing Countries
Levy-Orlik, N. (2013) · International Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.2753/ijp0891-1916420406 · Cited by 16
Tabb, W. K. (2007) · Journal of World-Systems Research · doi:10.5195/jwsr.2007.357 · Cited by 16
Stock-Flow Consistent Macroeconomic Models: A SurveyPreprint
Nikiforos, M., & Zezza, G. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2973485 · Cited by 16
Global Value Chains and Global Value Transfer
Newman, S. A. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197527085.013.22 · Cited by 15
Rethinking directors' duties in changing global markets
Waring, P. (2008) · Corporate Governance · doi:10.1108/14720700810863788 · Cited by 15
Shareholder Value in the Japanese Context
Morgan, G., & Yuko, T. (2002) · Competition & Change · doi:10.1080/10245290213672 · Cited by 15
Angeletti, T. (2017) · European Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1017/s0003975617000030 · Cited by 15
Smith, A. D. A., Tennent, K. D., & Russell, J. (2019) · Economic and Industrial Democracy · doi:10.1177/0143831x19883683 · Cited by 15
The Age of Strategy: From Drucker and Design to Planning and Porter
Tennent, K. D. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62348-1_36-1 · Cited by 15
Integrated social protection and COVID‐19: rethinking Pacific community responses in Aotearoa
Ratuva, S., Crichton-Hill, Y., Ross, T., Basu, A., Vakaoti, P., & Martin-Neuninger, R. (2021) · Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · doi:10.1080/03036758.2020.1861033 · Cited by 16
Does information quality matter in corporate innovation? Evidence from the Korean market
Amin, M. R., Chung, C. Y., & Kang, S. (2021) · Economics of Innovation and New Technology · doi:10.1080/10438599.2020.1871271 · Cited by 15
Lazonick, W. H., & Hopkins, M. (2020) · doi:10.36687/inetwp127 · Cited by 15
Self-citationSantos, M. (2023) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103695 · Cited by 15
Financialization and Organizational Changes in Multinational Enterprises
Salento, A., Masino, G., & Berdicchia, D. (2013) · Revue d économie industrielle · doi:10.4000/rei.5710 · Cited by 15
The supply and demand of social systems: towards a systems theory of the firm
Valentinov, V., & Thompson, S. (2018) · Kybernetes · doi:10.1108/k-04-2018-0178 · Cited by 15
Shareholder as client: Firms, markets, and the new business of planning
Linovski, O. (2019) · Journal of Urban Affairs · doi:10.1080/07352166.2018.1562303 · Cited by 15
DETERMINANTS FACTORS OF STOCK PRICE IN OIL AND GAS SECTOR (INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE 2011-2016)
Universitas Mercu Buana, I., Wahyono, T., Nugroho, L. C., Universitas Mercu Buana, I., Imron, M. A., & Universitas Mercu Buana, I. (2019) · Eurasian Journal of Business and Management · doi:10.15604/ejbm.2019.07.02.002 · Cited by 15
The Effect of Mergers and Acquisitions on Employees: Wealth Transfer, Gain‐Sharing or Pain‐Sharing?
Kuvandikov, A., Pendleton, A., & Higgins, D. M. (2019) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12386 · Cited by 15
Pernell, K. (2020) · Theory and Society · doi:10.1007/s11186-020-09389-y · Cited by 15
Neto, M. S., do Carmo, M. J., Ribeiro, E. M. S., & da Cruz, W. V. G. (2020) · Research in Globalization · doi:10.1016/j.resglo.2020.100016 · Cited by 18
Veldman, J. (2018) · Critical Perspectives on Accounting · doi:10.1016/j.cpa.2018.04.001 · Cited by 15
Financialized accounts: A stakeholder account of cash distribution in the S&P 500 (1990–2005)
Andersson, T., Haslam, C., Lee, E., & Tsitsianis, N. (2007) · Accounting Forum · doi:10.1016/j.accfor.2007.06.002 · Cited by 15
Implications of the recent financial crisis for firm innovation
Milberg, W. S., & Shapiro, N. (2013) · Journal of Post Keynesian Economics · doi:10.2753/pke0160-3477360202 · Cited by 15
Globalization, Knowledge, and The Myth of The Magnet Economy
Brown, P., & Lauder, H. (2012) · SensePublishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6091-915-2_6 · Cited by 15
Varieties of Liberalism: Anglo-Saxon Capitalism in Crisis?Preprint
Konzelmann, S. J., Fovargue-Davies, M., & Schnyder, G. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1929627 · Cited by 15
Wang, M., Nor, N. M., Rahim, N. B. A., Khan, F., & Zhou, Z. (2025) · Cogent Economics & Finance · doi:10.1080/23322039.2025.2460078 · Cited by 14
Corporate strategy financialized: Conjuncture, arbitrage and earnings capacity in the S&P500
Andersson, T., Haslam, C., Lee, E., Katechos, G., & Tsitsianis, N. (2010) · Accounting Forum · doi:10.1016/j.accfor.2010.08.002 · Cited by 14
Parker, R., & Cox, S. D. (2018) · Resources Policy · doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2018.04.002 · Cited by 14
Expansion of the Japanese Prime Minister’s Power and Transformation of Japanese Politics
Takenaka, H. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108921145.002 · Cited by 4
Corporate Financial Performance and Tobin’s Q in Dividend and Growth Investing
Mysaka, H., & Дерун, І. (2021) · Contemporary Economics · doi:10.5709/ce.1897-9254.449 · Cited by 14
The Role of the Law in the American Political Economy
Rahman, K. S., & Thelen, K. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009029841.003 · Cited by 14
Corporate Governance Reforms under Abenomics
Miyajima, H., & Saito, T. (2021) · The Political Economy of the Abe Government and Abenomics Reforms · doi:10.1017/9781108921145.012 · Cited by 2
How organisation theory supports corporate governance scholarship
Andersen, J. A. (2015) · Corporate Governance · doi:10.1108/cg-02-2014-0016 · Cited by 14
Does the market reward for going green?
Puopolo, G. W., Teti, E., & Milani, V. (2015) · Journal of Management Development · doi:10.1108/jmd-03-2014-0027 · Cited by 14
Revitalizing the institutional roots of Anglo-American corporate governance
Moore, M. T., & Rebérioux, A. (2011) · Economy and Society · doi:10.1080/03085147.2011.529340 · Cited by 14
Lucko, G. (2013) · Construction Management and Economics · doi:10.1080/01446193.2012.750728 · Cited by 14
Durand, C., & Miroudot, S. (2015) · Review of World Economics · doi:10.1007/s10290-015-0217-x · Cited by 14
Financialisation and ecological modernisation
Fieldman, G. (2013) · Environmental Politics · doi:10.1080/09644016.2013.821826 · Cited by 14
Gender, Parental Status, and the Wage Premium in Finance
Lin, K.-H., & Neely, M. T. (2017) · Social Currents · doi:10.1177/2329496516686622 · Cited by 14
Human Capital and Agency Theory
Spender, J. ‐. (2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199532162.003.0008 · Cited by 14
Entrance-exit dynamics of suppliers and the repercussions for reshaping the structure of GVCs/GPNs
Blažek, J., Natsuda, K., & Sýkora, J. (2018) · European Planning Studies · doi:10.1080/09654313.2018.1533529 · Cited by 14
Carberry, E. J., & Zajac, E. J. (2020) · Socio-Economic Review · doi:10.1093/ser/mwaa026 · Cited by 14
Strangleman, T. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190645090.001.0001 · Cited by 14
The impact of equity markets and corporate governance on labour market flexibility
Black, B., Gospel, H. F., & Pendleton, A. (2008) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585190802323835 · Cited by 14
On the Discretionary Power of Top Executives : Evolution of the Theoretical Foundations
Gomez, P. (2004) · International Studies of Management and Organization · doi:10.1080/00208825.2004.11043703 · Cited by 14
Holders of Last Resort: The Role of Index Funds and Index Providers in Divestment and Climate ChangePreprint
Jahnke, P. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3314906 · Cited by 14
Financialisation: continuity and change— introduction to the special issue
Stockhammer, E., Sgambati, S., & Nesvetailova, A. (2021) · Review of Evolutionary Political Economy · doi:10.1007/s43253-021-00061-4 · Cited by 14
Neely, M. T., & Carmichael, D. (2021) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/00027642211003162 · Cited by 13
The regional distinctiveness and variegation of financialisation in emerging economies
Karwowski, E. (2022) · Cambridge Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/cje/beac033 · Cited by 13
He, B., Chen, H., Li, Z., & Zhou, X. (2023) · International Review of Economics & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.iref.2023.06.007 · Cited by 13
Marine Plastics: Innovative Solutions to Tackling Waste
Grimstad, S. M. F., Ottosen, L. M., & James, N. A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-31058-4 · Cited by 14
Baines, J., & Hager, S. B. (2024) · Socio-Economic Review · doi:10.1093/ser/mwae076 · Cited by 13
Wood, G., & Wright, M. (2010) · Business History · doi:10.1080/00076791.2010.523458 · Cited by 13
Green citizenship and the political critique of injustice
Scerri, A. (2012) · Citizenship Studies · doi:10.1080/13621025.2012.707002 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Lazonick, W., & O'Sullivan, M.
- ORCID
- Lazonick, William
- Venue
- Economy and Society
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2000-01
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-35
- ISSN
- 0308-5147 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-5766
- OpenAlex
- W4254928272
- Semantic Scholar
- 009bf76a12cc7f138e729ae38b96c780398d3920
- Cited by
- 1,970
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 96 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 130 · 2023: 132 · 2022: 124 · 2021: 171 · 2020: 128 · 2019: 152 · 2018: 121 · 2017: 127 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 62 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 56
- FWCI
- 85.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Economy and Society (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Finance › Corporate Finance and Governance
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Finance › Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Corporate Governance and Financial Management
- Keywords
- shareholder wealth maximization, corporate governance, business strategy, earnings retention, reinvestment, downsizing, stock market boom, economic prosperity, sustainability of economic growth, United States
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review