The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Maximizing shareholder value: a new ideology for corporate governance
Abstract
The decade-long boom in the US stock market and the more recent boom in the US economy have fostered widespread belief in the economic benefits of the maximization of shareholder value as a principle of corporate governance. In this paper, we provide an historical analysis of the rise of shareholder value as a principle of corporate governance in the United States, tracing the transformation of US corporate strategy from an orientation towards retention of corporate earnings and reinvestment in corporate growth through the 1970s to one of downsizing of corporate labour forces and distribution of corporate earnings to shareholders over the past two decades. We then consider the recent performance of the US economy, and raise questions about the relation between the maximization of shareholder value and the sustainability of economic prosperity.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“For instance, Lazonick and O'Sullivan (2000) note that the behaviors of firms in the post-1980s have changed towards more oriented to the maximization of shareholder value and have entrenched as a principle of corporate governance.”
From Financialization and the Labor Share of Income (2019) · cites this paper as Lazonick and O'Sullivan (2000)
In the citing paper
“The 'real' sector is also increasingly embracing rent extraction business models”
From Mapping modern economic rents: the good, the bad, and the grey areas (2023) · cites this paper as Lazonick and O'Sullivan, 2000
In the citing paper
“In particular, modern shareholders (or more precise the funds that manage shares) have come to place a strong emphasis on the short-term value of the companies' share price above and beyond long-term investments (Lazonick and O'Sullivan, 2000;Haldane, 2011).”
From Mapping modern economic rents: the good, the bad, and the grey areas (2023) · cites this paper as Lazonick and O'Sullivan, 2000
Citations
Cites
Stock Ownership Patterns, Stock Market Fluctuations, and Consumption
Poterba, J. M., Samwick, A., Shleifer, A., & Shiller, R. J. (1995) · Brookings Papers on Economic Activity · doi:10.2307/2534614 · Cited by 331
The Changing Face of Job Loss in the United States, 1981-1995
Farber, H. S., Haltiwanger, J., & Abraham, K. G. (1997) · Brookings Papers on Economic Activity Microeconomics · doi:10.2307/2534755 · Cited by 303
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- London: Penguin.
- Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Washington, DC: AEI Press.
- American Economic Review 63: 134-9.
- Accounts, Flows and Outstandings, Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. US Bureau of Labor Statistics (various years) Employment and Earnings, Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. US Bureau of the Census (1976) Historical Statistics of the United States from the Colonial Times to the Present, Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. US Congress (various years) Economic Report of the President, Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. US Department of Commerce (various years) Statistical Abstract of the United States, Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. Weinstein, M. and Kochan, T. (1995) ‘The limits of diffusion: recent developments in industrial relations and human resource practices’, in R. Locke, T. Kochan and M. Piore (eds) Employment Relations in a Changing World, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hall, P. A., & Soskice, D. W. (2001) · doi:10.1093/0199247757.001.0001 · Cited by 8,956
An Introduction to Varieties of Capitalism
(2001) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/0199247757.003.0001 · Cited by 3,236
Making sense of financialization
van der Zwan, N. (2014) · Socio-Economic Review · doi:10.1093/ser/mwt020 · Cited by 1,434
Orhangazi, Ö. (2008) · Cambridge Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/cje/ben009 · Cited by 983
Doing More with Less: Innovation Input and Output in Family Firms
Durán, P., Kammerlander, N. H., van Essen, M., & Zellweger, T. M. (2015) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2014.0424 · Cited by 956
Corporate Social Responsibility in Western Europe: An Institutional Mirror or Substitute?
Jackson, G., & Apostolakou, A. (2009) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-009-0269-8 · Cited by 920
Social Protection and the Formation of Skills: A Reinterpretation of the Welfare State
Estevez‐Abe, M., Iversen, T., & Soskice, D. (2001) · Varieties of Capitalism · doi:10.1093/0199247757.003.0004 · Cited by 1,568
The Everyday Life of Global Finance
Langley, P. (2008) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199236596.001.0001 · Cited by 1,026
Accounting, professions and regulation: Locating the sites of professionalization
Cooper, D. J., & Robson, K. (2006) · Accounting Organizations and Society · doi:10.1016/j.aos.2006.03.003 · Cited by 740
Governing global value chains: an introduction
Gibbon, P., Bair, J., & Ponte, S. (2008) · Economy and Society · doi:10.1080/03085140802172656 · Cited by 632
Zajac, E. J., & Westphal, J. D. (2004) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/000312240406900306 · Cited by 554
Political Contestation in Global Production Networks
Levy, D. L. (2008) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2008.34422006 · Cited by 551
The limits to financialization
Christophers, B. (2015) · Dialogues in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/2043820615588153 · Cited by 543
The Variegated Financialization of Housing
Aalbers, M. B. (2017) · International Journal of Urban and Regional Research · doi:10.1111/1468-2427.12522 · Cited by 516
Inequality: Causes and Consequences
Neckerman, K. M., & Torche, F. (2007) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131755 · Cited by 501
Disconnected Capitalism: Or Why Employers Can't Keep Their Side of the Bargain
Thompson, P. (2003) · Work Employment and Society · doi:10.1177/0950017003017002007 · Cited by 483
The Dynamics of Political Embeddedness in China
Haveman, H. A., Jia, N., Shi, J., & Wang, Y. (2016) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0001839216657311 · Cited by 472
Financialization of the Economy
Davis, G. F., & Kim, S. (2015) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112402 · Cited by 493
Industrial Policy in the 21st Century
Chang, H., & Andreoni, A. (2020) · Development and Change · doi:10.1111/dech.12570 · Cited by 455
Adler, P. S., Forbes, L. C., & Willmott, H. C. (2007) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.1080/078559808 · Cited by 441
Quigley, T. J., & Hambrick, D. C. (2014) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2258 · Cited by 436
‘Like gold with yield’: evolving intersections between farmland and finance
Fairbairn, M. (2014) · The Journal of Peasant Studies · doi:10.1080/03066150.2013.873977 · Cited by 434
Shifting sources and uses of profits: sustaining US financialization with global value chains
Milberg, W. S. (2008) · Economy and Society · doi:10.1080/03085140802172706 · Cited by 433
Lapavitsas, C. (2011) · Work Employment and Society · doi:10.1177/0950017011419708 · Cited by 390
Financing innovation: creative destruction vs. destructive creation
Mazzucato, M. (2013) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dtt025 · Cited by 346
Scherer, A. G., & Voegtlin, C. (2018) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2017.0175 · Cited by 387
Varieties of Labor Politics in the Developed Democracies
Thelen, K. (2001) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/0199247757.003.0002 · Cited by 343
The contested space of multinationals: Varieties of institutionalism, varieties of capitalism
Morgan, G., & Kristensen, P. H. (2006) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726706072866 · Cited by 331
ESG Importance for Long-Term Shareholder Value Creation: Literature vs. Practice
Zumente, I., & Bistrova, J. (2021) · Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity · doi:10.3390/joitmc7020127 · Cited by 327
The effects of financialization on investment: evidence from firm-level data for the UK
Tori, D., & Onaran, Ö. (2017) · Cambridge Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/cje/bex085 · Cited by 332
Corporate Social Responsibility Theories
Melé, D. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211593.003.0003 · Cited by 306
Why is Family Firms’ Internationalization Unique? A Meta–Analysis
Arrègle, J.-L., Durán, P., Hitt, M. A., & van Essen, M. (2016) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1111/etap.12246 · Cited by 320
Education, opportunity and the prospects for social mobility
Brown, P. (2013) · British Journal of Sociology of Education · doi:10.1080/01425692.2013.816036 · Cited by 307
The political economy of International Accounting Standards
Perry, J., & Nölke, A. (2006) · Review of International Political Economy · doi:10.1080/09692290600839790 · Cited by 296
Bidwell, M. J., Briscoe, F. S., Fernandez‐Mateo, I., & Sterling, A. D. (2013) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520.2013.761403 · Cited by 308
Lazonick, W., & Mazzucato, M. (2013) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dtt019 · Cited by 284
Self-citationValue in Informational Capitalism and on the Internet
Arvidsson, A., & Colleoni, E. (2012) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/01972243.2012.669449 · Cited by 281
In the mirror of the market: The disciplinary effects of company/fund manager meetings
Roberts, J., Sanderson, P., Barker, R. G., & Hendry, J. (2005) · Accounting Organizations and Society · doi:10.1016/j.aos.2005.02.001 · Cited by 279
Organizations and Societal Economic Inequality: A Review and Way Forward
Bapuji, H., Ertug, G., & Shaw, J. D. (2020) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2018.0029 · Cited by 277
Ethical Investment Processes and Outcomes
Michelson, G., Wailes, N., van der Laan, S. L., & Frost, G. (2004) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1023/b:busi.0000033103.12560.be · Cited by 276
Financialisation, income distribution and aggregate demand in the USA
Onaran, Ö., Stockhammer, E., & Grafl, L. (2011) · Cambridge Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/cje/beq045 · Cited by 274
Varieties of Corporate Governance: Comparing Germany and the UK
Vitols, S. (2001) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/0199247757.003.0010 · Cited by 267
Financialisation, Financial Literacy and Asset-Based Welfare
Finlayson, A. (2009) · The British Journal of Politics and International Relations · doi:10.1111/j.1467-856x.2009.00378.x · Cited by 267
Integrating Finance into Global Production Networks
Coe, N. M., Lai, K. P. Y., & Wójcik, D. (2013) · Regional Studies · doi:10.1080/00343404.2014.886772 · Cited by 276
The relationship between project governance and project success
Joslin, R., & Müller, R. (2016) · International Journal of Project Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.01.008 · Cited by 338
Roberts, J. (2001) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/00187267015412001 · Cited by 262
Determinants of the Wage Share: A Panel Analysis of Advanced and Developing Economies
Stockhammer, E. (2015) · British Journal of Industrial Relations · doi:10.1111/bjir.12165 · Cited by 257
Supply chain sustainability and performance of firms: A meta-analysis of the literature
Govindan, K., Rajeev, A., Padhi, S. S., & Pati, R. K. (2020) · Transportation Research Part E Logistics and Transportation Review · doi:10.1016/j.tre.2020.101923 · Cited by 305
Shareholder value orientation and the investment-profit puzzle
Stockhammer, E. (2006) · Journal of Post Keynesian Economics · doi:10.2753/pke0160-3477280203 · Cited by 252
Battilana, J., Obłój, T., Pache, A.-C., & Sengul, M. (2020) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2019.0386 · Cited by 284
US biopharmaceutical finance and the sustainability of the biotech business model
Lazonick, W. H., & Tulum, Ö. (2011) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2011.05.021 · Cited by 234
Self-citationThe economic crisis and accounting: Implications for the research community
Hopwood, A. G. (2009) · Accounting Organizations and Society · doi:10.1016/j.aos.2009.07.004 · Cited by 227
Labour Power and Labour Process: Contesting the Marginality of the Sociology of Work
Thompson, P., & Smith, C. (2009) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/0038038509340728 · Cited by 187
Financialization and the workplace: extending and applying the disconnected capitalism thesis
Thompson, P. (2013) · Work Employment and Society · doi:10.1177/0950017013479827 · Cited by 224
Elites: Remembered in Capitalism and Forgotten by Social Sciences
Savage, M., & Williams, K. (2008) · The Sociological Review · doi:10.1111/j.1467-954x.2008.00759.x · Cited by 226
Financialization, globalization and the making of profits by leading retailers
Baud, C., & Durand, C. (2011) · Socio-Economic Review · doi:10.1093/ser/mwr016 · Cited by 217
Education, Globalisation and the Future of the Knowledge Economy
Brown, P., Lauder, H., Ashton, D., Yingje, W., & Vincent‐Lancrin, S. (2008) · European Educational Research Journal · doi:10.2304/eerj.2008.7.2.131 · Cited by 213
The rise of the ‘shareholding state’: financialization of economic management in China
Wang, Y. (2015) · Socio-Economic Review · doi:10.1093/ser/mwv016 · Cited by 212
Finance-dominated capitalism and re-distribution of income: a Kaleckian perspective
Hein, E. (2013) · Cambridge Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/cje/bet038 · Cited by 204
Pfotenhauer, S. M., Laurent, B., Papageorgiou, K., & Stilgoe, J. (2021) · Social Studies of Science · doi:10.1177/03063127211048945 · Cited by 234
Kaltenbrunner, A., & Painceira, J. P. (2017) · New Political Economy · doi:10.1080/13563467.2017.1349089 · Cited by 199
Family firm internationalization: Past research and an agenda for the future
Arrègle, J.-L., Chirico, F., Kano, L. L., Kundu, S. K., Majocchi, A., & Schulze, W. S. (2021) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/s41267-021-00425-2 · Cited by 217
The political economy debate on ‘financialization’ – a macroeconomic perspective
van Treeck, T. (2009) · Review of International Political Economy · doi:10.1080/09692290802492158 · Cited by 195
Finance, Corporate Governance and the Management of Labour: A Conceptual and Comparative Analysis
Gospel, H. F., & Pendleton, A. (2003) · British Journal of Industrial Relations · doi:10.1111/1467-8543.00287 · Cited by 20
Establishing a new intellectual property rights regime in the United States
Coriat, B., & Orsi, F. (2002) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(02)00078-1 · Cited by 188
Globalisation, knowledge and the myth of the magnet economy
Brown, P., & Lauder, H. (2006) · Globalisation Societies and Education · doi:10.1080/14767720600555046 · Cited by 186
Rhodes, C. (2016) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840616641984 · Cited by 190
Corporate governance in Islamic perspective
Choudhury, M. A., & Hoque, M. Z. (2006) · Corporate Governance · doi:10.1108/14720700610655132 · Cited by 184
State Capacity, Minority Shareholder Protections, and Stock Market Development
Guillén, M. F., & Capron, L. (2015) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0001839215601459 · Cited by 184
Macroeconomic implications of financialisation
Skøtt, P., & Ryoo, S. (2008) · Cambridge Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/cje/ben012 · Cited by 183
‘Responsible investment’: ESG and the post-crisis ethical order
Leins, S. (2020) · Economy and Society · doi:10.1080/03085147.2020.1702414 · Cited by 193
Bringing the social context back in: governance and wealth distribution in global commodity chains
Palpacuer, F. (2008) · Economy and Society · doi:10.1080/03085140802172698 · Cited by 181
Firms and the Welfare State: When, Why, and How Does Social Policy Matter to Employers?
Mares, I. (2001) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/0199247757.003.0005 · Cited by 180
Did financialization reduce economic growth?
Tomaskovic-Devey, D., Lin, K.-H., & Meyers, N. (2015) · Socio-Economic Review · doi:10.1093/ser/mwv009 · Cited by 180
Palpacuer, F., Gibbon, P., & Thomsen, L. (2005) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.09.007 · Cited by 178
Financialization, non-financial corporations and income inequality: the case of France
Alvarez, I. (2015) · Socio-Economic Review · doi:10.1093/ser/mwv007 · Cited by 177
Davis, L. E. (2017) · Metroeconomica · doi:10.1111/meca.12179 · Cited by 199
Lazonick, W. H. (2009) · doi:10.17848/9781441639851 · Cited by 175
Self-citationWood, S. (2001) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/0199247757.003.0007 · Cited by 174
Financialisation and the Conceptual Framework
Zhang, Y., & Andrew, J. (2012) · Critical Perspectives on Accounting · doi:10.1016/j.cpa.2012.11.012 · Cited by 170
Corporate governance practices and companies’ R&D intensity: Evidence from European countries
Honore, F. E. M., Munari, F., & de la Potterie, B. V. P. (2014) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2014.10.016 · Cited by 169
The Domestic Sources of Multilateral Preferences: Varieties of Capitalism in the European Community
Fioretos, O. (2001) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/0199247757.003.0006 · Cited by 168
Karwowski, E., & Stockhammer, E. (2017) · Economic and Political Studies · doi:10.1080/20954816.2016.1274520 · Cited by 166
Why Have Wage Shares Fallen? An Analysis of the Determinants of Functional Income Distribution
Stockhammer, E. (2013) · International Labour Organization Palgrave Macmillan eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137357939_3 · Cited by 179
The International Dimension of Financialization in Developing and Emerging Economies
Bortz, P. G., & Kaltenbrunner, A. (2017) · Development and Change · doi:10.1111/dech.12371 · Cited by 164
The Power of Transnational Private Governance: Financialization and the IASB
Nölke, A., & Perry, J. (2007) · Business and Politics · doi:10.2202/1469-3569.1185 · Cited by 161
Financialisation and the dynamics of offshoring in the USA
Milberg, W. S., & Winkler, D. (2009) · Cambridge Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/cje/bep061 · Cited by 155
HRM and the COVID‐19 pandemic: How can we stop making a bad situation worse?
Butterick, M., & Charlwood, A. (2021) · Human Resource Management Journal · doi:10.1111/1748-8583.12344 · Cited by 157
From comparing capitalisms to the politics of institutional change
Jackson, G., & Deeg, R. (2008) · Review of International Political Economy · doi:10.1080/09692290802260704 · Cited by 153
The evolution of science-based business: innovating how we innovate
Pisano, G. P. (2010) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dtq013 · Cited by 151
Why 'financialisation' hasn't depressed US productive investment
Kliman, A., & Williams, S. D. (2014) · Cambridge Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/cje/beu033 · Cited by 150
The India Way: Lessons for the U.S.
Cappelli, P. H., Singh, H., Singh, J., & Useem, M. (2010) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2010.51827771 · Cited by 149
Normalized Intensity: The New Labour Process of Middle Management
McCann, L., Morris, J., & Hassard, J. S. (2008) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00762.x · Cited by 149
Anaemic Geographies of Financialisation
Christophers, B. (2011) · New Political Economy · doi:10.1080/13563467.2011.574211 · Cited by 148
The institutional basis of economic failure: anatomy of the segmented business system*
Wood, G., & Frynas, J. G. (2005) · Socio-Economic Review · doi:10.1093/ser/mwj034 · Cited by 147
The Logic of Funding European Pension Restructuring and the Dangers of Financialisation
Engelen, E. (2003) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1068/a35307 · Cited by 147
Akkemik, K. A., & Özen, Ş. (2013) · Socio-Economic Review · doi:10.1093/ser/mwt006 · Cited by 147
Asset Manager Capitalism as a Corporate Governance Regime
Braun, B. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009029841.010 · Cited by 203
STOCK‐FLOW CONSISTENT MACROECONOMIC MODELS: A SURVEY
Nikiforos, M., & Zezza, G. (2017) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/joes.12221 · Cited by 144
Goldstein, A. (2012) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/0003122412440093 · Cited by 142
Metadata
- Authors
- Lazonick, W., & O'Sullivan, M.
- ORCID
- Lazonick, William
- Venue
- Economy and Society
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2000-01
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-35
- ISSN
- 0308-5147 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-5766
- OpenAlex
- W4254928272
- Semantic Scholar
- 009bf76a12cc7f138e729ae38b96c780398d3920
- Cited by
- 1,970
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 96 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 130 · 2023: 132 · 2022: 124 · 2021: 171 · 2020: 128 · 2019: 152 · 2018: 121 · 2017: 127 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 62 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 56
- FWCI
- 85.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Economy and Society (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Finance › Corporate Finance and Governance
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Finance › Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Corporate Governance and Financial Management
- Keywords
- shareholder wealth maximization, corporate governance, business strategy, earnings retention, reinvestment, downsizing, stock market boom, economic prosperity, sustainability of economic growth, United States
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review