Governing economic life

“Finally, choice has become an economic engine , as consumer choice turned into ‘an ally of economic growth: economic life can be governed through the choices consumers make in their search for personally fulfilling forms of existence’ (Miller and Rose, 1990).”

“The core question driving this inquiry is not an interest in subject formation per se, but in what these processes reveal about forms of governmental power under neoliberalism, a regime whose self-declared foundation is personal freedom (Burchell, 1996; Miller & Rose, 1990, 2008).”

“…as a solution to the problem of reconciling the constitutional guarantee of the freedom of citizens with the social requirement for the confinement of those who threatened the moral order, and may also have been deemed to pose a potent physical threat to ‘normal’ citizens (Rose, 1990, p. 377).”

“On this, see, for example, Miller and Rose (1990); on the importance of being an entrepreneur of oneself to neoliberalism more generally, see Foucault (2008).”

“Once almost singularly conceived as an underwriting tool hidden from borrowers, the credit report has become a tool for the government of the self and others (Foucault, 1988; Marron, 2007; Miller and Rose, 1990).”

“See also Miller and Rose (1990), Porter (1996) and du Gay (1996)). viii The literature is vast but see Justesen and Mouritsen (2011) on accounting; Araujo et al. (2010); Cochoy (1998) on marketing; Poon (2009) on credit scoring; Muniesa (2007) on pricing as well the various contributors on…”

“(Miller & Rose 1990, p. 201) Thus, government is “not, then, the suppression of individual subjectivity, but rather the cultivation of that subjectivity in specific forms, aligned to specific governmental aims” (Garland 1997, p. 175).”

“In actively representing certain forms of truth, current forms of truth are demeaned through a process of problematisation (Miller and O’Leary, 1993; Miller, 1991; Miller and Rose, 1990).”

“Governing rationalities refer to the discursive fields in which governing authority is conceptualised (Miller and Rose 1990).”

“(Miller and Rose 1993: 80) This can and does relate directly to the professions where they have the social authority to exercise their expertise within a specific domain as part of l iberal democratic government.”

“One of its most useful contributions is the notion of ‘political rationality’ (Miller & Rose, 1990; Rose, 1993, 1996a).”

“Common to many of these discursive and material technologies of self-185 governance is the use of metrics, rankings and ratings through which citizens can calculate and compare themselves to others and adjust their behaviour to fit societal norms of appropriate conduct (Miller and Rose, 1990).”

“According to Miller and Rose (1990; 2008), expertise is an important mechanism of power for normalising the ‘self- regulating capacities’ of individuals and aligning their behaviour with policy objectives.”

“…political objectives without appearing to do so due to the presumed “objectivity” of its numbers (Ezzamel, 2012; Hooks and Stewart, 2015; Hopper and Macintosh, 1993; Knights and Collinson, 1987; Miller and O’Leary, 1987; Miller and Rose, 1990; Preston, 1992; Rose, 1991; Tyson et al., 2005).”

“Drawing on the work of Miller and Rose (1993), Petersen and Lupton (1996) trace the neoliberal shift in ‘citizenship’ from a membership in a community to a stewardship of the best interests of the self and the state.”

“Drawing on previous literature on this, Inda (2005:9; see also Lemke, 2007; Miller and Rose, 1990; Rose and Miller, 1992) defines such dispositives as”

“Following on from this point, Miller and Rose (1990) contend that government uses linguistic elements to elaborate programmes and provide a mechanism for intellectual technology to the exclusion of neutrality.”

“Conceived in this way, affect reflects a set of vocabularies that are authoritative because they derive from rational discourses grounded in political authority that act “at a distance” (Latour 1987; Miller and Rose 1990) and aim at the aspirations of individuals, families, and organizations.”

“5.3 Townley acknowledges professionals use the personal tacit foundations of their expertise to 'trump' the rationality of appraisal's information panopticon, as it seeks to construct them as a 'knowable, calculable and administrable subject' (Miller and Rose 1990: 5).”

“‘‘Learning’’ thus becomes a highly effective perlocationary device for implying that any discussion of the purposes and social relations of educational practice (rather than its facilitative techniques) is so much teacherly self-indulgence, akin to spending too much time in front of the mirror. ( Malcolm & Zukas, 2003…”

“Almost exclusively it consists of impressionistic social commentary by a coterie of post-structuralist authors, principally Miller and Rose (1990), Gordon (1991, 1987) and Rose (1990, 1992).”

“Technologies are variegated and heterogeneous, bringing together mechanisms that allow the principles of a governmentality project to take shape, such as techniques of notation and calculation, procedures of examination, or building design and architectural forms (Miller & Rose, 1990).”

“Accounting, understood as technology, is based on the assumption that it can generate behaviours that ‘produce certain desired effects’ (Miller and Rose, 1990: 52).”

“…of general management (performance measurement, management accounting and quality improvement metrics) come to dominate organizational discourse (Miller and Rose, 1990; Power, 1996) and, in stark contrast to their espoused function of providing clarity and accountability, often cause wasteful…”

“It offers “ready-made” solutions to the problems of governing (Miller and Rose, 1990) and encourages action through incentive schemes and funding mechanisms (Preston et al., 1997; Sewell & Wilkinson, 1992).”

“This powerful effect has been referred to as “action at a distance” in governmentality studies (Latour, 1986; Miller & Rose, 1990): a form of action that is brought about through seemingly mundane practices such as calculation, which allows information to be gathered through intricate networks of…”

“…construction of the action of the State (Desrosières 2003; Porter 1995), or because they impose a foucauldian discipline on the political subjects (Miller and Rose 1990) - the cases-studies I have presented have shown that violence can be observed at the very heart of the devices of…”

“…recognition of the inventiveness, practicality, durability and dominance as arts of government of liberalism, and more recently, neo-liberalism (Miller & Rose, 1990; Burchell et al., 1991; Foucault, 1991; Rose, 1999a; Lemke, 2001), a feature not demonstrated in socialisms and other forms of…”

“In terms of Foucault’s technologies of thought (Miller & Rose, 1993) regarding the control of language, the regional education agency superintendent recognized the power of language so clearly that he consistently backed away from labeling almost anything.”

“Machiavelli’s dedication focuses on the ruler’s ability to extract from his subjects whatever wealth they may possess (Miller and Rose, 1990).”

“This paper contributes to this literature through an analysis of the localism agenda adopted in England since 2010 1 through the lens of governmentality, drawing principally on the work of Nikolas Rose (Miller and Rose, 1990, 2008; Rose, 1996, 2017; Rose et al., 2006).”

“In this alternative tool-based analogy, national accounting, like all forms of economic calculation and accounting, is not simply a neutral representation of an underlying reality (Miller and Rose 1990: 11-14).”

“(Dean, 2010 [1999]: 18) As part of their analytics of government, governmentality studies usually distinguish three levels of analysis: programmes, technologies and bodies of expertise (Kurunmäki and Miller, 2011; Miller and Rose, 1990; Rose and Miller, 1992).”

“…research has treated the former as critical: it is the moment when partisans battle to establish the contours of the system and set into place an ontology with far-reaching political consequences (Cronon, 1991; Espeland & Sauder, 2007; Foucault, 1982; Miller & O’Leary, 1987; Miller & Rose, 1990).”

“This and electronic media, government and research reports dealing with nurse staffi ng issues, specifi cally their workloads, highlight nurses’ ‘moral domain’ (Miller and Rose 1990), making the profession and individual nurses responsible for the workforce problem in the healthcare system and their workplaces.”

“…species became the object of scientific scrutiny; the more exotic figured in the tourist literature put out by the DEH, for, whilst this ‘centre of calculation’ (Miller and Rose 1990, 9) is a corporation of the modern state, it relentlessly commodifies the natural resources that it colonises.”

“(Miller and Rose, 1993: 100) This new vocabulary expands on the cultivation of the self-regulating employee, encouraged by psychologists since the 1950s.”

“In these writings, there is a focus on the specific strategies and techniques of governing, those ‘actions at a distance’—including lifelong learning—through which there is an ordering of social practices (Miller & Rose, 1993).”

“…this increasingly in uential body of scholarship questions the notion of sovereign power in which governing is the province of a single institution or social group (see Miller and Rose, 1990; Rose and Miller, 1992; Rose, 1993; Barry et al., 1996; O’Malley et al., 1997; Dean, 1999; Rose, 1999).”

“…societies, learning economies, learning institutions, clever states, skills capitals}states, learning organizations, learning contracts and so on) are what Miller and Rose (1990) identify as ‘ intellectual technologies ’ that ful l the challenge of ‘not only the invention of new forms of thought,…”

“Much accounting research has been conducted in the business setting and, despite acknowledging that rationales are established in a cultural context (Miller & O ’ Leary, 1990), it tends to fi nd that accounting supports individuals ’ economising abilities (Miller & Power, 2013; Miller & Rose, 1990).”

“Our approach to governance in ECE builds on earlier governance studies (e.g. Miller and Rose 1990; Paananen 2017; Watson, Millei and Peterson 2015).”

“So actually, resisting and redirecting power allows for innovation, creativity and shifts in how dominant (food) regimes and (food) citizen practices are governed (Miller & Rose, 1990).”

“…to constitute a rounded theoretical position or a rigorous methodology” (McKinlay et al., 2010, p. 1021), governmentality has emerged as a well-developed subdiscipline since Foucault’s death (Burchell, Gordon, & Miller, 1991; Dean, 2010; Miller & Rose, 1990, 2008; Rose, 1999; Rose & Miller, 1992).”

“…that accounting facilitated the government’s goal to build a group of people who were governable and controllable at a distance (Foucault, 1991; Miller and Rose, 1990), since the information on their activities could be obtained, through a series of accounting inscriptions, such as numbers,…”

“This forms the first step in developing a more comprehensive theoretical framework of meta-governance, which also acknowledges the implications for networks of private “action at a distance” (Miller & Rose, 1990, p. 9).”

“In many ways, policymaking is a form of world-making, deploying a variety of ‘intellectual technologies’ – from presenting arguments in reports and PowerPoint presentations, to the design of large, complex systems of control (Miller and Rose 1990).”