The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Convection at the melting point: A thermal history of the earth's core
Abstract
Higgins and Kennedy (1971) concluded that the Earth's fluid core has a stable stratification if it is at its melting point. Busse (1972) and Elsasser suggested as an alternative that a hydrostatic-isentropic distribution of particulate solid can produce neutral stability in a partially molten core. Here this suggestion is quantified and a determination is made of the efficiency of the production of fluid motion from the heat flux. This is used to establish that macroscopic convection can exist only if the particulate solid is of sufficiently small size. A thermal history of the core compatible with upper mantle heat flux is advanced in which it is suggested that the inner core is a fairly recent feature. The implication of these results for convection-driven and precession-driven dynamos is that both can function for a small enough suspended particulate, that the convection-dynamo will fail for particles greater than one micron in diameter, and that the precession-driven dynamo probably cannot survive particles greater than ten microns in diameter.
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Malkus (1973) has used the Boussinesq equations to estimate the efficiency of convection in the core, but his expressions are only valid if the temperature scale height is large compared with the depth of the convecting layer.
“Malkus (1973) has used the Boussinesq equations to estimate the efficiency of convection in the core, but his expressions axe only valid if the temperature scale height is large compared with the depth of the convecting layer.”
From Speculations on the Thermal and Tectonic History of the Earth (2007) · cites this paper as Malkus 1973
Citations
Cites
Density distribution and constitution of the mantle
Clark, S. P., & Ringwood, A. E. (1964) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1029/rg002i001p00035 · Cited by 671
Heat generation of plutonic rocks and continental heat flow provinces
Roy, R. F., Blackwell, D., & Birch, F. S. (1968) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(68)80002-0 · Cited by 563
Precession of the Earth as the Cause of Geomagnetism
Malkus, W. V. R. (1968) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.160.3825.259 · Cited by 459
Self-citationThe adiabatic gradient and the melting point gradient in the core of the Earth
Higgins, G. H., & Kennedy, G. C. (1971) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jb076i008p01870 · Cited by 231
Heat Balance of the Earth's Core
Verhoogen, J. (1961) · Geophysical Journal International · doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.1961.tb06819.x · Cited by 138
Consequences of the presence of sulfur in the core of the earth
Lewis, J. S. (1971) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/0012-821x(71)90154-3 · Cited by 135
The early chemical history of the earth: Some critical elemental fractionations
Hall, H. T., & Murthy, V. R. (1971) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/0012-821x(71)90170-1 · Cited by 94
Busse, F. H. (1972) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jb077i008p01589 · Cited by 28
Pokorný, M., & Åström, H. U. (1972) · Physics and Chemistry of Liquids · doi:10.1080/00319107208084092 · Cited by 9
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Bullard E. C., 1950, M. N. Roy. Astro. Soc., 6, 35
- Jeffreys H., 1929, The Earth
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Speculations on the Thermal and Tectonic History of the Earth
McKenzie, D., & Weiss, N. (2007) · Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.1975.tb05855.x · Cited by 335
Metadata
- Authors
- Malkus, W. V. R.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Malkus, Willem V. R.
- Venue
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1973-01-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 267-278
- ISSN
- 0016-7991 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2055439550
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2019: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
- Keywords
- Earth's core, convection, melting point, thermal history, stable stratification, marginal stability, geodynamo, convection-driven dynamo, particle size
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